[ha] (prt) (1) (pronounced わ in modern Japanese) topic marker particle; (2) indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); (3) adds emphasis; (P) #4
[masu] (aux-v) (1) (pol) (See ませ) used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader); (2) (arch) (hum) used to indicate respect for those affected by the action #19
[he] (prt) (pronounced え in modern Japanese) indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to"); (P) #30
[reru ; rareru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形, 迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions #41
[なか, naka] (suf) (1) (See 並・1) medium; average; middle; (2) moderation; (3) (abbr) (See 中一, 中学校) middle school; (4) (abbr) (See 中国・1) China; (n-suf) (5) (See 中・じゅう・2) in; out of (e.g. three out of ten people); (6) (See 話し中) during (a certain time when one did or is doing something); under (construction, etc.); while; (P) #80
[のち, nochi] (n, adj-no) (1) (See 後ずさり) behind; rear; (2) (See その後) after; later; (3) after one's death; (4) remainder; the rest; (5) descendant; successor; heir; (6) (arch) past; previous; (n-adv) (7) more (i.e. five more minutes); (P) #84
[せい, sei] (n) (1) nature (of a person); (2) sex; (3) gender; (suf) (4) (indicating quality or condition) -ty; -ity; -ness; -cy; (P) #103
[じょう, jou] (n, adj-no, n-adv, n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) #111
[まえ, mae] (n-pref) (1) (See 前・まえ) the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"); previous; one-time; former; (2) (before the name of an era) pre- (e.g. "premodern"); (adj-no, n) (3) before; earlier; (P) #147
[もく, moku] (n) (1) (biological) order; (2) item (of a budget revision, etc.); (ctr) (3) (See 囲碁) counter for go pieces; counter for surrounded positions (in go) #185
[だいがく, daigaku] (n) (1) (See 総合大学) post-secondary education institution, incl. university, college, etc.; (2) (abbr) (See 大学寮, 国学・こくがく・2) former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); (3) (See 四書) the Great Learning - one of the Four Books; (P) #195
[あたらしい, atarashii] (adj-i) new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date; modern; (P) #198
[どう, dou] (n) (1) (abbr) road; (2) way; (3) Buddhist teachings; (4) Taoism; (5) modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido); (6) historical administrative region of Japan (Tokaido, Tosando, etc.); (7) province (Tang-era administrative region of China); (8) province (modern administrative region of Korea) #201
[ら, ra] (n, n-suf, ctr) (1) class; order; rank; (suf) (2) (See 等・など) et cetera (etc.); and the like; (pref) (3) equal #221
[ら, ra] (suf) (1) pluralizing suffix (often humble, derogatory or familiar); and others; et alios; and the like; and followers; (2) (See あちら, いくら) or so (rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.); (3) (See 清ら) (after the stem of an adjective) nominalizing suffix #221
[つぎ, tsugi] (pref) (1) next; (2) (See 次亜) hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); (ctr) (3) order; sequence; time; times #226
[はしら, hashira] (n, n-suf) (1) bridge (of a koto, etc.); (2) (ちゅう only) cylinder; prism #279
[ちょう, chou] (n) (1) head; chief; leader; elder; (2) the greatest of all; the most excellent #292
[ちょう, chou] (n) (1) head; chief; leader; elder; (2) (See 短・1) merit; strong point; (3) superiority; (4) (See 短・2) major (music); (P) #292
[ぬし, nushi] (n) (1) head (of a household, etc.); leader; master; (2) owner; proprietor; proprietress; (3) subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); (4) guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers); long-time resident (or employee, etc.); (5) husband; (pn) (6) (fam) (See おぬし) you; (P) #295
[いか(P);いげ, ika (P); ige] (n) (1) not exceeding; and downward; ... and below; (2) below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); (3) the below-mentioned; the following; the rest; (P) #313
[しも, shimo] (suf) under (being in said condition or environment) #367
[しも, shimo] (n) (1) below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter); (2) bottom; (3) beneath; underneath; (4) (as 下から, 下より, etc.) just after; right after; (n, adj-no) (5) inferiority; one's inferior (i.e. one's junior); (n) (6) (See 下取り) trade-in; (n-pref) (7) (See 下準備) preliminary; preparatory; (P) #367
[もと, moto] (adv) (sometimes written 元) under (esp. influence or guidance); (P) #367
[きぎょう, kigyou] (n) enterprise; undertaking; corporation; business; (P) #425
[じょせい, josei] (n, adj-no) (1) woman; female; (2) { ling } feminine gender; (P) #440
[ね, ne] (n) (1) child (esp. a boy); (2) (See 子爵) viscount; (3) (hon) master (founder of a school of thought, esp. Confucius); (4) (See 諸子百家) philosophy (branch of Chinese literature); non-Confucian Hundred Schools of Thought writings; (5) (arch) you (of one's equals); (n-suf) (6) -er (i.e. a man who spends all his time doing...) #443
[かれ, kare] (n) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1, 此れ・1, 其れ・1) that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly); (2) that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors); (3) (arch) over there; (4) (あれ only) (col) down there (i.e. one's genitals); (5) (あれ only) (col) period; menses; (int) (6) hey (expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?; (n) (7) that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time); (P) #451
[たにん(P);あだびと, tanin (P); adabito] (n) another person; unrelated person; outsider; stranger; (P) #469
[どおり, doori] (n-adv, n) (1) avenue; street; way; road; (2) coming and going; street traffic; (3) flow (of water, air, etc.); (4) transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice); (5) fame; reputation; popularity; (6) the same status or way; as (e.g. as expected, as I said); (7) understanding; comprehension; (ctr) (8) counter for sets of things; counter for methods, ways, types; (P) #493
[つら, tsura] (n) (1) (See 顔・かお) face (often derog. or vulg.); mug; (2) surface; (3) (arch) surrounding area; (4) (arch) cheek; cheeks; (P) #530
[まちがい, machigai] (n) (1) (See ミス・1) mistake; error; blunder; (2) accident; mishap; trouble; (3) improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion; (P) #559
[うた, uta] (n) (1) (歌, 唄 only) (唄 is primarily used for shamisen songs) song; (2) (歌 only) (See 短歌) classical Japanese poetry (esp. tanka); (3) (歌, 詩 only) modern poetry; (P) #610
[ていきょう, teikyou] (n, vs) offer; tender; program sponsoring; programme sponsoring; furnishing; provisioning; supply; (P) #627
[しょう, shou] (pref) (1) (See 小皿) small; little; slight; (2) (See 小半日, 弱・じゃく・2) slightly less than; just about; (3) (See こざっぱり) somewhat; somehow; (4) (See 小役人) minor (sometimes derogatory); petty #659
[りょう, ryou] (n, pref) (1) both (e.g. both shoulders, etc.); (n) (2) ryo (obsolete unit of currency); (3) (See 斤) 41-42 g (one sixteenth of a kin); (4) (See 反・たん) 2 tan (measure of fabric size); (ctr) (5) counter for carriages (e.g. in a train) #694
[わく, waku] (n, n-suf) frame; slide; border; (P) #710
[moderu] (n) model; (P) #725
[りかい, rikai] (n, vs) understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy; (P) #755
[おと(P);ね(P);おん(P), oto (P); ne (P); on (P)] (n, n-suf) (1) sound; noise; report; (2) note (music); (3) (おと only) fame; (4) (おん only) (See 訓・くん) Chinese-derived character reading; (P) #787
[こう, kou] (n, suf) (1) public matter; governmental matter; (2) prince; duke; (n, n-suf) (3) lord; sir; (n-suf) (4) familiar or derogatory suffix (after a name, etc.) #800
[れんごう, rengou] (n, vs, adj-no) (1) union; alliance; combination; (n) (2) (abbr of 日本労働組合総連合会) RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation); (P) #810
[ふくむ(P);くくむ, fukumu (P); kukumu] (v5m, vt) (1) to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace; (2) (See 口に含む) to hold in the mouth; (3) to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour; (4) to express (emotion, etc.); to imply; (P) #901
[し, shi] (n) (1) teacher; master; one's mentor; (n, suf) (2) religious leader; (suf) (3) specialist; (n) (4) (arch) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army) #908
[げんだい, gendai] (adj-no, n-adv, n) nowadays; modern era; modern times; present-day; (P) #929
[ほんやく, honyaku] (n, vs) (1) translation; (2) de-encryption; deciphering; (3) rendering; (P) #943
[しょだい, shodai] (n, adj-no) first generation; founder; (P) #986
[しどう, shidou] (n, vs) (1) leadership; guidance; coaching; (2) shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo); (P) #1008
[れんぽう, renpou] (n, adj-no) commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union; (P) #1016
[や, ya] (suf) (1) (usu. 屋) (See パン屋) (something) shop; (2) (usu. 屋, can be derog.) (See 殺し屋) somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); (3) (usu. 屋) (See 照れ屋) somebody with a (certain) personality trait; (n) (4) (usu. 家) house; (5) roof #1042