[reru ; rareru] (aux-v, v1) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形, 迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions #41
[じょう, jou] (n, adj-no, n-adv, n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) #111
[じょう, jou] (n-suf) (1) from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of; (2) aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above; (n) (3) (See 下・げ・2) first volume (e.g. book); (n, pref) (4) superior quality; best; top; high class; (5) going up; (6) governmental; imperial; (7) presenting; showing; (pref) (8) ana- (medical, biol.); (P) #111
[くらい, kurai] (adv, suf) (1) (orig. from 座居, meaning "seat") throne; crown; (nobleman's) seat; (2) (See 位階) government position; court rank; (3) social standing; rank; class; echelon; rung; (n) (4) grade (of quality, etc.); level; tier; rank; (5) (See 桁・2) digit (e.g. the tens, the hundreds, etc.); place; (6) (See どの位) degree; extent; amount; (P) #116
[nara (P); naraba (P)] (aux) (1) (hypothetical form of the copula だ, from なり and sometimes classed as a particle) if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that; (2) (なら only) as for; on the topic of; (conj) (3) (col) (abbr) (See それなら) if that's the case; if so; that being the case; (4) (ならば only) if possible; if circumstances allow; (P) #141
[ぶん, bun] (n) (1) (See 文・もん・2) one-tenth; one percent (one-tenth of a wari); 3 mm (one-tenth of a sun); 2.4 mm (one-tenth of a mon, a traditional unit used to measure shoe sizes); 0.375 grams (one-tenth of a monme); 0.1 degree (one-tenth of a do, used to measure body temperature on any temperature scale); (2) one-quarter of a ryou (obsolete unit of currency); (3) thickness; (4) advantageous circumstances #146
[け, ke] (n) { Buddh } lacking substance and existing in name only; something without substance #156
[ないよう, naiyou] (n) subject; contents; matter; substance; detail; import; (P) #164
[きほん, kihon] (n, adj-no) foundation; basis; standard; (P) #193
[どう, dou] (n) (1) (abbr) road; (2) way; (3) Buddhist teachings; (4) Taoism; (5) modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido); (6) historical administrative region of Japan (Tokaido, Tosando, etc.); (7) province (Tang-era administrative region of China); (8) province (modern administrative region of Korea) #201
[みち, michi] (n) (1) road; street; way; path; course; route; lane; (2) distance; ways (e.g. "a long ways"); (3) the way (of proper conduct, etc.); one's way; morals; (4) teachings (esp. Confucian or Buddhist); dogma; (5) field (of medicine, etc.); subject; (6) way; method; means; (P) #201
[ま, ma] (n-adv, n) (1) space (between); gap; interval; distance; (n-adv, n-t) (2) time (between); pause; break; (n-adv, n, n-t) (3) span (temporal or spatial); stretch; period (while); (n-adv, n) (4) relationship (between, among); (5) members (within, among); (conj) (6) (あいだ only) (arch) due to; because of; (P) #202
[かた(P);がた, kata (P); gata] (n) (1) model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); (2) (がた when a suffix) (See 朝型) type; style; pattern; (3) mold (mould); template; model; (4) kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.); (5) form (i.e. customary procedure); (6) size (i.e. clothing, shoes); (7) (obsc) (See 品種) (taxonomical) form; (P) #203
[おも, omo] (adj-na, n) (1) (See 主な, 主に) chief; main; principal; important; (2) (abbr) (usu. written as オモ) (See 重あど) main secondary or supporting role (in kyogen); (P) #295
[さい, sai] (n-adv, n) on the occasion of; circumstances; (P) #307
[いか(P);いげ, ika (P); ige] (n) (1) not exceeding; and downward; ... and below; (2) below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); (3) the below-mentioned; the following; the rest; (P) #313
[と, to] (n, adj-no) metropolitan; municipal #334
[じ, ji] (n) (1) thing; matter; (2) incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis; (3) circumstances; situation; state of affairs; (4) work; business; affair; (5) after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to; (n-suf) (6) (See 事・ごと・1) nominalizing suffix; (7) (See 事・ごと・2) pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...; (P) #353
[だい, dai] (n) (1) substitution; (2) material; (3) price; (4) margin (e.g. for stapling, etc.); area required for something; (5) (arch) (See 段) shiro (unit of land area equal to one-fiftieth of a tan; ~19.83 m.sq.) #376
[たんとう, tantou] (n, vs) (in) charge (of an area of responsibility, but not necessarily supervision of staff); (P) #406
[かれ, kare] (n) (1) (uk) (See 何れ・1, 此れ・1, 其れ・1) that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly); (2) that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors); (3) (arch) over there; (4) (あれ only) (col) down there (i.e. one's genitals); (5) (あれ only) (col) period; menses; (int) (6) hey (expression of surprise or suspicion); eh?; (n) (7) that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time); (P) #451
[たにん(P);あだびと, tanin (P); adabito] (n) another person; unrelated person; outsider; stranger; (P) #469
[りょく, ryoku] (n) (1) force; strength; might; vigour (vigor); energy; (2) capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty; (3) efficacy; effect; (4) effort; endeavours (endeavors); exertions; (5) power; authority; influence; good offices; agency; (6) (See 力になる) support; help; aid; assistance; (7) stress; emphasis; (8) means; resources; (P) #489
[どおり, doori] (n-adv, n) (1) avenue; street; way; road; (2) coming and going; street traffic; (3) flow (of water, air, etc.); (4) transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice); (5) fame; reputation; popularity; (6) the same status or way; as (e.g. as expected, as I said); (7) understanding; comprehension; (ctr) (8) counter for sets of things; counter for methods, ways, types; (P) #493
[よ, yo] (n) (1) occasion; time; (2) section (of a literary work); paragraph; verse; stanza; passage; (3) node (of a plant stem); (4) { ling } clause; (5) (taxonomical) section; (P) #501
[ふ, fu] (n) (1) (metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); (2) the centre or seat (of) (center); (3) (government) office #506
[たい, tai] (n, n-suf) (1) body; physique; posture; (2) shape; form; style; (3) substance; identity; reality; (4) { math } field; (ctr) (5) counter for humanoid forms (e.g. dolls, statues, corpses, etc.) #521
[たのしみ, tanoshimi] (adj-na, n) (1) (See 御楽しみ) enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby; (2) (See 楽しみにする) anticipation; looking forward to; (P) #562
[たね, tane] (n, n-suf) (1) kind; variety; (2) (biological) species; (3) (abbr) (See 種概念) (logical) species #565
[たね, tane] (n) (1) seed; pip; kind; variety; quality; tone; (2) material; matter; subject; theme; (news) copy; leaven (bread); (3) cause; source; trick; secret; inside story; (P) #565
[たいせつ, taisetsu] (adj-na, n) important; valuable; worthy of care; (P) #599
[うた, uta] (n) (1) (歌, 唄 only) (唄 is primarily used for shamisen songs) song; (2) (歌 only) (See 短歌) classical Japanese poetry (esp. tanka); (3) (歌, 詩 only) modern poetry; (P) #610
[じょうたい, joutai] (n) current status; condition; situation; circumstances; state; (P) #624
[れい(P);ためし, rei (P); tameshi] (n, pref, adj-no) (1) custom; practice; habit; usual; (2) (れい only) said; aforementioned; (3) instance; example; case; illustration; usage; (4) precedent; (5) (れい only) annual; (P) #638
[だい, dai] (n) (1) tower; (2) stand; pedestal; (3) (See 萼) calyx #686
[だい, dai] (n, n-suf) (1) stand; rack; table; (2) support; (3) belt; (ctr) (4) counter for machines, incl. vehicles; (n) (5) setting (e.g. in jewellery); (n, n-suf, ctr) (6) (See 代・だい・2, 代・だい・6) level (e.g. price level); range (e.g. after physical units); period (of time, e.g. a decade of one's life); (P) #686
[りょう, ryou] (n, pref) (1) both (e.g. both shoulders, etc.); (n) (2) ryo (obsolete unit of currency); (3) (See 斤) 41-42 g (one sixteenth of a kin); (4) (See 反・たん) 2 tan (measure of fabric size); (ctr) (5) counter for carriages (e.g. in a train) #694
[りかい, rikai] (n, vs) understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy; (P) #755
[はんたい, hantai] (adj-na, n, vs, adj-no) opposition; resistance; antagonism; hostility; contrast; objection; dissension; reverse; opposite; vice versa; (P) #809
[ふく, fuku] (n, pref) (1) assistant; associate; vice-; sub-; deputy; substitute; auxiliary; supplementary; additional; collateral; (n) (2) duplicate; copy; (P) #848
[じゅうよう, juuyou] (adj-na, n) important; momentous; essential; principal; major; (P) #861
[じょうきょう, joukyou] (n, adj-no) state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances; (P) #869
[ふくむ(P);くくむ, fukumu (P); kukumu] (v5m, vt) (1) to contain; to comprise; to have; to hold; to include; to embrace; (2) (See 口に含む) to hold in the mouth; (3) to bear in mind; to understand; to harbor (grudge, etc.); to harbour; (4) to express (emotion, etc.); to imply; (P) #901
[わけ, wake] (n) (uk) conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation; (P) #921
[ふね, fune] (n) (1) (船, 舟 only) (舟 is often small and hand-propelled) ship; boat; watercraft; vessel; steamship; (2) tank; tub; vat; trough; (n-suf, ctr) (3) (船, 舟 only) counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi); (P) #950
[かんきょう, kankyou] (n, adj-no) environment; circumstance; (P) #960
[さいよう, saiyou] (n, vs) (1) use; adoption; acceptance; (2) appointment; employment; engagement; (P) #975
[しえん, shien] (n, vs) support; backing; aid; assistance; (P) #997
[みとめ, mitome] (n) approval; final seal (of approval); acceptance; (P) #1011
[けいしき, keishiki] (n) (1) (See 形式張る) form (as opposed to substance); formality; (2) method; system; style; (3) (See ファイル形式) format; mode; appearance; form (something takes); (4) math expression; (P) #1072