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n. Something done before another act. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. arefacere to dry. ] The act of drying, or the state of growing dry. [ 1913 Webster ]

The arefaction of the earth. Sir M. Hale. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. same as artifact.
Syn. -- artifact. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

adj. 1. of or pertaining to an artefact.
Syn. -- artifactual [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. made by human actions. natural
Syn. -- artifactual [ PJC ]

n. [ L. assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus (p. p. of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to make; cf. OF. assuefaction. ] The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction introduce a nature. Jer. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. With the face uncovered; not masked. “You will play barefaced.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Without concealment; undisguised. Hence: Shameless; audacious; as, a barefaced lie. “Barefaced treason.” J. Baillie. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. Openly; shamelessly. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality of being barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a hardy breed of beef cattle derived as a cross between the American bison and domestic cattle, usually being genetically 3/8 bison and 5/8 domestic bovine; -- it yields leaner beef than conventional breeds. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

v. t. [ imp. Befell p. p. Befallen p. pr. & vb. n. Befalling. ] [ AS. befeallan; pref. be- + feallan to fall. ] To happen to. [ 1913 Webster ]

I beseech your grace that I may know
The worst that may befall me. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To come to pass; to happen. [ 1913 Webster ]

I have revealed . . . the discord which befell. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. benefactio, fr. benefacere to do good to one; bene well + facere to do. See Benefit. ] 1. The act of conferring a benefit. Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable donation. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. [ L. ] One who confers a benefit or benefits. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A woman who confers a benefit. [ 1913 Webster ]

His benefactress blushes at the deed. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make. ] Making warm; heating. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. calefactio: cf. F. caléfaction. ] 1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The state of being heated. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. See Calefactory. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. calefactorius. ] Making hot; producing or communicating heat. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. chevage, fr. chief head. See Chief. ] A tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [ Written also chevage and chivage. ] [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cinéfaction. ] incineration; reduction to ashes. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere; liquēre to be liquid + facere to make. ] A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion. [ 1913 Webster ]

The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Defaced p. pr. & vb. n. Defacing. ] [ OE. defacen to disfigure, efface, OF. desfacier; L. dis- + facies face. See Face, and cf. Efface. ] 1. To destroy or mar the face or external appearance of; to disfigure; to injure, spoil, or mar, by effacing or obliterating important features or portions of; as, to deface a monument; to deface an edifice; to deface writing; to deface a note, deed, or bond; to deface a record. “This high face defaced.” Emerson. [ 1913 Webster ]

So by false learning is good sense defaced. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. [ Cf. F. défaire. ] To destroy; to make null. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

[ Profane scoffing ] doth . . . deface the reverence of religion. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

For all his power was utterly defaste [ defaced ]. Spenser.

Syn. -- See Efface. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. having the external appearance impaired, usually deliberately.
Syn. -- marred. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. The act of defacing, or the condition of being defaced; injury to the surface or exterior; obliteration. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which mars or disfigures. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, defaces or disfigures. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ F. défaillir to fail; pref. dé- (L. de) + faillir. See Fail, and cf. Default. ] To cause to fail. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. défaillance. ] Failure; miscarriage. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Possibility of defailance in degree or continuance. Comber. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Failure. [ Obs. ] Barrow. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Defalcated; p. pr. & vb. n. Defalcating. ] [ LL. defalcatus, p. p. of defalcare to deduct, orig., to cut off with a sickle; L. de- + falx, falcis, a sickle. See Falchion. ] To cut off; to take away or deduct a part of; -- used chiefly of money, accounts, rents, income, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

To show what may be practicably and safely defalcated from them [ the estimates ]. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To commit defalcation; to embezzle money held in trust. “Some partner defalcating, or the like.” Carlyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ LL. defalcatio: cf. F. défalcation. ] 1. A lopping off; a diminution; abatement; deficit. Specifically: Reduction of a claim by deducting a counterclaim; set- off. Abbott. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which is lopped off, diminished, or abated. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. An abstraction of money, etc., by an officer or agent having it in trust; an embezzlement. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A defaulter or embezzler. [ Modern ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ F. défalquer. See Defalcate. ] To lop off; to abate. [ Obs. ] B. Jonson. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. diffamacioun, F. diffamation. See Defame. ] Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ In modern usage, written defamation bears the title of libel, and oral defamation that of slander. Burrill. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Containing defamation; injurious to reputation; calumnious; slanderous; as, defamatory words; defamatory writings. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Defamed p. pr. & vb. n. Defaming. ] [ OE. defamen, diffamen, from F. diffamer, or OF. perh. defamer, fr. L. diffamare (cf. defamatus infamous); dis- (in this word confused with de) + fama a report. See Fame. ] 1. To harm or destroy the good fame or reputation of; to disgrace; especially, to speak evil of maliciously; to dishonor by slanderous reports; to calumniate; to asperse. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To render infamous; to bring into disrepute. [ 1913 Webster ]

My guilt thy growing virtues did defame;
My blackness blotted thy unblemish'd name. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To charge; to accuse. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Rebecca is . . . defamed of sorcery practiced on the person of a noble knight. Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- To asperse; slander; calumniate; vilify. See Asperse. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Dishonor. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who defames; a slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a defamatory manner. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Defamatory. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ See Defatigate. ] Capable of being wearied or tired out. [ R. ] Glanvill. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ L. defatigatus, p. p. of defatigare; de- + fatigare to weary. See Fatigue. ] To weary or tire out; to fatigue. [ R. ] Sir T. Herbert. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. defatigatio. ] Weariness; fatigue. [ R. ] Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. defaute, OF. defaute, defalte, fem., F. défaut, masc., LL. defalta, fr. a verb meaning, to be deficient, to want, fail, fr. L. de- + fallere to deceive. See Fault. ] 1. A failing or failure; omission of that which ought to be done; neglect to do what duty or law requires; as, this evil has happened through the governor's default. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Fault; offense; ill deed; wrong act; failure in virtue or wisdom. [ 1913 Webster ]

And pardon craved for his so rash default. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

Regardless of our merit or default. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Law) A neglect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to secure the benefit of law, as a failure to appear in court at a day assigned, especially of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer; also of jurors, witnesses, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

In default of, in case of failure or lack of. [ 1913 Webster ] Cooks could make artificial birds and fishes in default of the real ones. Arbuthnot. --
To suffer a default (Law), to permit an action to be called without appearing to answer. [ 1913 Webster ]