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‖ [ F. ] (Cookery) With a crust made by browning in the oven, especially by sprinkling with bread crumbs or grated cheese and browning in a broiler; as, spaghetti may be served au gratin. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. i. [ L. commigrare, commigratum. ] To migrate together. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. commigratio. ] Migration together. [ R. ] Woodward. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. conflagratio: cf. F. conflagration. ] A fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning. [ 1913 Webster ]

Till one wide conflagration swallows all. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. congratulans, p. pr. ] Rejoicing together; congratulatory. [ 1913 Webster ]

With like joy
Congratulant approached him. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Congratulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Congratulating. ] [ L. congratulatus, p. p. of congratulari to wish joy abundantly; con- + gratulari to wish joy, from gratus pleasing. See Grateful. ] To address with expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account of some happy event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to. [ 1913 Webster ]

It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to congratulate the princess at her pavilion. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

To congratulate one's self, to rejoice; to feel satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or fortunate.

Syn. -- To Congratulate, Felicitate. To felicitate is simply to wish a person joy. To congratulate has the additional signification of uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate. Hence they are by no means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his affections by her marriage to a rival, might perhaps felicitate that rival on his success, but could never be expected to congratulate him on such an event. [ 1913 Webster ]

Felicitations are little better than compliments; congratulations are the expression of a genuine sympathy and joy. Trench. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To express of feel sympathetic joy; as, to congratulate with one's country. [ R. ] Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. congratulatio: cf. F. congratulation. ] The act of congratulating; an expression of sympathetic pleasure. [ 1913 Webster ]

With infinite congratulations for our safe arrival. Dr. J. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who offers congratulation. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Expressive of sympathetic joy; as, a congratulatory letter. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Deflagrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deflagrating. ] [ L. deflagratus, p. p. of deflagrare to burn up; de- + flagrare to flame, burn. ] (Chem.) To burn with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; also, to snap and crackle with slight explosions when heated, as salt. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. (Chem.) To cause to burn with sudden and sparkling combustion, as by the action of intense heat; to burn or vaporize suddenly; as, to deflagrate refractory metals in the oxyhydrogen flame. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. deflagratio: cf. F. déflagration. ] 1. A burning up; conflagration. “Innumerable deluges and deflagrations.” Bp. Pearson. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Chem.) The act or process of deflagrating. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) A form of the voltaic battery having large plates, used for producing rapid and powerful combustion. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ L. deintegrare to impair; de- + integrare to make whole. ] To disintegrate. [ Obs. ]

v. i. [ L. demigrare, demigratum, to emigrate. See De-, and Migrate. ] To emigrate. [ Obs. ] Cockeram. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. [ L. demigratio. ] Emigration. [ Obs. ] Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ L. denigrare; de- + nigrare to blacken, niger black. ] 1. To blacken thoroughly; to make very black. Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Fig.: To blacken or sully; to defame. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

To denigrate the memory of Voltaire. Morley. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. harmful and often untrue; tending to discredit or malign; -- used of statements.
Syn. -- calumniatory, calumnious, defamatory, denigrative, libellous, libelous, slanderous. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ L. denigratio. ] 1. The act of making black. Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Fig.: A blackening; defamation. [ 1913 Webster ]

The vigorous denigration of science. Morley. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, blackens. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. same as denigrating. [ PJC ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Disintegrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Disintegrating. ] [ L. dis- + integratus, p. p. of integrare to renew, repair, fr. integer entire, whole. See Integer. ] To separate into integrant parts; to reduce to fragments or to powder; to break up, or cause to fall to pieces, as a rock, by blows of a hammer, frost, rain, and other mechanical or atmospheric influences. [ 1913 Webster ]

Marlites are not disintegrated by exposure to the atmosphere, at least in six years. Kirwan. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To decompose into integrant parts; as, chalk rapidly disintegrates. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (a) The process by which anything is disintegrated; the condition of anything which is disintegrated. Specifically (b) (Geol.) The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

Society had need of further disintegration before it could begin to reconstruct itself locally. Motley. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Mech.) A machine for grinding or pulverizing by percussion. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Emigrated p. pr. & vb. n. Emigrating. ] [ L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to remove, emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See Migrate. ] To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; to migrate from home. [ 1913 Webster ]

Forced to emigrate in a body to America. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

They [ the Huns ] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths. J. H. Newman. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Migratory; roving. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. emigratio: cf. F. émigration. ] 1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German emigration. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Relating to emigration. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. An advocate or promoter of emigration. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who emigrates; am emigrant. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ L. flagrare, flagratum, v.i. & t., to burn. ] To burn. [ Obs. ] Greenhill. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A conflagration. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree. ] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [ Obs. ] Sir T. Herbert. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle. ] 1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. “A secret grate of iron bars.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning. [ 1913 Webster ]

Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. & vb. n. Grating. ] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzōn G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch. ] 1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing. [ 1913 Webster ]

On their hinges grate
Harsh thunder. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To fret; to irritate; to offend. [ 1913 Webster ]

News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. 1. To make a harsh sound by friction. [ 1913 Webster ]

I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned,
Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity. [ 1913 Webster ]

This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ From 2d Grate. ] Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gré thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a. ] 1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart. [ 1913 Webster ]

A grateful mind
By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep. [ 1913 Webster ]

Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,
And grateful clusters swell. Pope.

Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.

-- Grate"ful*ly, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ From Qrate, v. ] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate. ] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. See Graticulation. ] A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification. ] 1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Pleased; indulged according to desire.

Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who gratifies or pleases. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gratified p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying ] [ F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy. ] 1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

For who would die to gratify a foe? Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To requite; to recompense. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

It remains . . .
To gratify his noble service. Shak.

Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting. [ 1913 Webster ]