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v. t. [ p. p. Affrayed. ] [ OE. afraien, affraien, OF. effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure. ] [ Archaic ] 1. To startle from quiet; to alarm. [ 1913 Webster ]

Smale foules a great heap
That had afrayed [ affrayed ] me out of my sleep. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away. [ 1913 Webster ]

That voice doth us affray. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See Affray, v. t. ] 1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Alarm; terror; fright. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. “In the very midst of the affray.” Motley. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Law) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. Blackstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One engaged in an affray. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Affray. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

. (Physics & Chem.) Rays of relatively low penetrating power emitted by radium and other radioactive substances, and shown to consist of positively charged alpha particles (helium nuclei) having enormous velocities but small masses. They are slightly deflected by a strong magnetic or electric field. Compare beta ray and gamma ray. Because the rays penetrate only a small distance in dense matter such as living tissue, small pellets of radioactive substances emitting alpha rays have been used to cause local destruction of tissue, as in cancer therapy. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC ]

n. [ OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. reiði rigging, harness; akin to E. ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry. ] 1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array. [ 1913 Webster ]

Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers. [ 1913 Webster ]

A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. An imposing series of things. [ 1913 Webster ]

Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Law) (a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. [ 1913 Webster ]

To challenge the array (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell. Tomlins. Blount. --
Commission of array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Arrayed p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying. ] [ OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer, arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n. ] 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal. [ 1913 Webster ]

By torch and trumpet fast arrayed,
Each horseman drew his battle blade. Campbell. [ 1913 Webster ]

These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind. [ 1913 Webster ]

Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli.&unr_;. [ 1913 Webster ]

In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed. Trumbull. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Law) To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

To array a panel, to set forth in order the men that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Array, v. t. ] Clothes; raiment. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. 1. 1 pale gray; ash-colored.
Syn. -- ash-grey, ashy. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

adv. & a. [ See Estray, Stray. ] Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; as, to lead one astray. [ 1913 Webster ]

Ye were as sheep going astray. 1 Pet. ii. 25. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Physics) Radiations first observed by the French physicist Henri Becquerel, in working with uranium and its compounds. They consist of a mixture of alpha, beta, and gamma rays. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. t. [ Pref. be + ray to defile. ] To make foul; to soil; to defile. [ Obs. ] Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Physics) a form of ionizing radiation emitted by radioactive substances (such as radium), more penetrating than alpha rays, and consisting of negatively charged electrons. The electrons are the same kind of particle as those of cathode rays, but have much higher velocities (about 35, 000 to 180, 000 miles per second). They are readily deflected by a magnetic or electric field. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Betrayed p. pr. & vb. n. Betraying. ] [ OE. betraien, bitraien; pref. be- + OF. traïr to betray, F. trahir, fr. L. tradere. See Traitor. ] 1. To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly; as, an officer betrayed the city. [ 1913 Webster ]

Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men. Matt. xvii. 22. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; as, to betray a person or a cause. [ 1913 Webster ]

But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying me. Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known. [ 1913 Webster ]

Willing to serve or betray any government for hire. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To disclose or discover, as something which prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally. [ 1913 Webster ]

Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you betray your ignorance. T. Watts. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not foreseen to lead into error or sin. [ 1913 Webster ]

Genius . . . often betrays itself into great errors. T. Watts. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under promise of marriage) and then abandon. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed. [ 1913 Webster ]

All the names in the country betray great antiquity. Bryant. [ 1913 Webster ]

pos>n. The act or the result of betraying. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, betrays. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Betrayal. [ R. ] Udall. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To soil. See Beray. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bewrayed p. pr. & vb. n. Bewraying. ] [ OE. bewraien, biwreyen; pref. be- + AS. wrēgan to accuse, betray; akin to OS. wrōgian, OHG. ruogēn, G. rügen, Icel. rægja, Goth. wrōhjan to accuse. ] To expose; to reveal; to disclose; to betray. [ Obs. or Archaic ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more hope that the deed shall not be bewrayed or known. Robynson (More's Utopia. ) [ 1913 Webster ]

Thy speech bewrayeth thee. Matt. xxvi. 73. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who, or that which, bewrays; a revealer. [ Obs. or Archaic ] Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Betrayal. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. (R. C. Ch.) The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said before the sermon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Angl. Ch.) The prayer before the sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of persons. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or discordant sound. [ 1913 Webster ]

The bray and roar of multitudinous London. Jerrold. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Brayed p. pr. & vb. n. Braying. ] [ OE. brayen, OF. breier, F. broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan to break. See Break. ] To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine. [ 1913 Webster ]

Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, . . . yet will not his foolishness depart from him. Prov. xxvii. 22. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ OE brayen, F. braire to bray, OF. braire to cry, fr. LL. bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. break; or perh. of imitative origin. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass. [ 1913 Webster ]

Laugh, and they
Return it louder than an ass can bray. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise. [ 1913 Webster ]

Heard ye the din of battle bray? Gray. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound. [ 1913 Webster ]

Arms on armor clashing, brayed
Horrible discord. MIlton. [ 1913 Webster ]

And varying notes the war pipes brayed. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. braye, brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill, bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr. AS. br&aemacr_;w eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel. brā eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. brū eyebrow. See Brow. ] A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the usual spelling. [ North of Eng. & Scot. ] Fairfax. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One that brays like an ass. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Making a harsh noise; blaring. “Braying trumpets.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Cambrai, France. Cf. Cambric. ] A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

adj. very dark gray.
Syn. -- charcoal. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Sp. contrayerba, literally, a counter herb, hence, an antidote for poison, fr. l. contra + herba herb. ] (Bot.) A species of Dorstenia (Dorstenia Contrayerva), a South American plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ , n. See Crare. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

{ , n.; pl. -fishes or -fish. [ Corrupted fr. OE. crevis, creves, OF. crevice, F. écrevisse, fr. OHG. krebiz crab, G. krebs. See Crab. The ending -fish arose from confusion with E. fish. ] (Zool.) Any decapod crustacean of the family Astacidæ (genera Cambarus and Cambarus), resembling the lobster, but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus Cambarus. The blind crawfish of the Mammoth Cave is Cambarus pellucidus. The common European species is Astacus fluviatilis.
Syn. -- crawdad, crawdaddy. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. tiny lobsterlike crustaceans usually boiled briefly.
Syn. -- crawdad, ecrevisse. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

3. a large edible marine crustacean having a spiny carapace but lacking the large pincers of true lobsters.
Syn. -- spiny lobster, langouste, rock lobster, crayfish, sea crawfish. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. (Zool.) See Crawfish. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., a crayon, a lead pencil (crayon Conté Conté's pencil, i. e., one made a black compound invented by Conté), fr. craie chalk, L. creta; said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. Creta the island Crete. Cf. Cretaceous. ] 1. An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or cylinders. [ 1913 Webster ]

Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of the pencil or the crayon. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called chalks. The red crayon is also called sanguine. See Chalk, and Sanguine. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A crayon drawing. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Electricity) A pencil of carbon used in producing electric light. [ 1913 Webster ]

Crayon board, cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon drawing. --
Crayon drawing, the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with crayons. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Crayoned p. pr. & vb. n. Crayoning. ] [ Cf. F. crayonner. ] To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan. [ 1913 Webster ]

He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the plan which he had crayoned out. Malone. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Defrayed p. pr. & vb. n. Defraying. ] [ F. défrayer; pref. dé- (L. de or dis-) + frais expense, fr. LL. fredum, fridum, expense, fine by which an offender obtained peace from his sovereign, or more likely, atoned for an offense against the public peace, fr. OHG. fridu peace, G. friede. See Affray. ] 1. To pay or discharge; to serve in payment of; to provide for, as a charge, debt, expenses, costs, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

For the discharge of his expenses, and defraying his cost, he allowed him . . . four times as much. Usher. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To avert or appease, as by paying off; to satisfy; as, to defray wrath. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of defraying; payment; as, the defrayal of necessary costs. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who pays off expenses. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Payment of charges. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. derroi, desroi, desrei; pref. des- (L. dis-) + roi, rei, rai, order. See Array. ] Disorder; merriment. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Disarrayed p. pr. & vb. n. Disarraying. ] [ Pref. dis- + array, v.: cf. OF. desarroyer, desarreier. ] 1. To throw into disorder; to break the array of. [ 1913 Webster ]

Who with fiery steeds
Oft disarrayed the foes in battle ranged. Fenton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To take off the dress of; to unrobe. [ 1913 Webster ]

So, as she bade, the witch they disarrayed. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. désarroi. ] 1. Want of array or regular order; disorder; confusion. [ 1913 Webster ]

Disrank the troops, set all in disarray. Daniel. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Confused attire; undress. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Disorder. [ R. ] Feltham. [ 1913 Webster ]

Disarray; -- an obsolete variant. [ Obs. ] Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]