English-Thai: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates] NECTEC Lexitron Dictionary EN-TH
(n) นักออกแบบ, See Also: ดีไซน์เนอร์, ผู้ออกแบบ, นักออกแบบภายใน, Syn. architect, deviser, planner, founder
(vt) ออกแบบใหม่
(n) ศิลปะในการออกแบบ
(adj) ซึ่งไม่ได้วางแผนไว้ล่วงหน้า, See Also: ซึ่งไม่ได้กำหนดไว้ล่วงหน้า, ซึ่งบังเอิญ, ซึ่งไม่ได้ตั้งใจ, Syn. unintentional, inadvertent, unintended, unplanned, Ant. designed
(idm) วางแผนเพื่อบางคนหรือบางสิ่ง
English-Thai: HOPE Dictionary [with local updates] Hope Dictionary
การออกแบบใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยใช้ตัวย่อว่า CAD (อ่านว่า แคด) หมายถึงการสร้างโปรแกรมให้คอมพิวเตอร์สามารถช่วยในการสร้างภาพ แบบจำลอง (model) ฯ แล้วจะบันทึกแบบเก็บไว้ในสื่อ สามารถเรียกแบบที่ออกไว้นั้นมาแสดงบนจอภาพเมื่อใดก็ได้ หรือจะสั่งให้พิมพ์ออกมาดูบนกระดาษก็ได้ โดยสามารถสั่งขยาย ย่อ หมุนพลิกภาพนั้น ๆ ด้วยก็ได้ ภาพหรือแบบที่ออกไว้จะปรับเปลี่ยนไปตามสูตรที่กำหนดเอาไว้แล้ว ตัวอย่าง เช่น การออกแบบชิ้นส่วนของรถยนต์หรือโครงสร้างอาคาร ผู้ออกแบบจะสามารถแก้ไขได้ตลอดเวลา โดยปกติ คอมพิวเตอร์ที่จะนำมาใช้เพื่องานประเภทนี้ จะต้องมีฮาร์ดดิสก์ (hard disk) ที่มีความจุสูงมาก ๆ มีจอภาพที่มีความละเอียดสูง และมีตัวประมวลผลที่ทำงานเร็ว ส่วนการแสดงผล มักจะใช้เครื่องวาด (plotter) แทนเครื่องพิมพ์
(ดิไซนฺ') v. ออกแบบ, วางแผน, มุ่งหมาย, คิด, กำหนด, ประสงค์., See Also: designed adj. n. แบบ
(เดซ'ซิเนท) vt. กะ, กำหนด, ระบุ, เรียกว่า, ตั้งชื่อ, ตั้ง. adj. ซึ่งได้รับแต่งตั้งหรือเลือกให้เป็น, See Also: designative adj. ดูdesignate designatory adj. ดูdesignate designator n. ดูdesignate, Syn. name, select
(เดซซิกเน'เชิน) n. การตั้ง, การระบุ, ชื่อ, ตำแหน่ง, การตั้งชื่อ, การเลือกตั้ง, See Also: designed adj., Syn. nomination
(เดซซินี') n.ผู้ถูกแต่งตั้ง ผู้ถูกกำหนด
(ดิไซ'เนอะ) n. ผู้ออกแบบ, ผู้วางแผน
(ดีไซ'นิง) adj. เจ้าเล่ห์, มีแผน n. ศิลปะในการออกแบบ, See Also: designingly adv.
(อัน'ดิไซน์ดฺ) adj. ไม่ได้กำหนดไว้ล่วงหน้า, บังเอิญ
English-Thai: Nontri Dictionary Nontri Dictionary
(n) การออกแบบ, แผนการ, โครงการ, แบบแผน, ความตั้งใจ, จุดประสงค์
(vt) ออกแบบ, คิด, กำหนด, เตรียมแผนการ, มุ่งหมาย, เจตนา
(vt) กะ, เรียกขาน, ระบุ, ตั้งชื่อ, บ่งชี้, กำหนด
(n) การแต่งตั้ง, ชื่อ, ตำแหน่ง, การตั้ง, การเรียกขาน, การระบุ
(adv) โดยวางแผนไว้แล้ว, โดยเจตนา, โดยระบุไว้แล้ว
(n) นักออกแบบ, นักวางแผน, ดีไซเนอร์
อังกฤษ-ไทย: คลังศัพท์ไทย โดย สวทช. คลังศัพท์ไทย (สวทช.)
คำระบุประเภทวัสดุอย่างกว้าง ๆ [บรรณารักษ์และสารสนเทศศาสตร์]
การระบุเนื้อหา [บรรณารักษ์และสารสนเทศศาสตร์]
การออกแบบระบบ [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบฐานข้อมูล [บรรณารักษ์และสารสนเทศศาสตร์]
การออกแบบทางแสง [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบเพื่อสิ่งแวดล้อม [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบโดยใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วย [เศรษฐศาสตร์]
การทดลองแบบสุ่มภายในบล็อค [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบโครงสร้าง [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบเชิงตรรกะ [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบฐานข้อมูล [คอมพิวเตอร์]
การออกแบบต้านทานแผ่นดินไหว [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบระบบ [คอมพิวเตอร์]
การออกแบบวงจรอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
การออกแบบวิศวกรรม [วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี]
คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยการออกแบบ [คอมพิวเตอร์]
สิทธิบัตรประเภทออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์ , สิทธิบัตรประเภทออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์, Example:เช่น สิทธิบัตรการออกแบบโทรศัพท์มือถือ / กล่องใส่อัญมณี ฯลฯ [ทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา]
ระบบการจัดหมวดหมู่สิทธิบัตรการออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์ระหว่างประเทศ [ทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา]
ชื่อเรื่องสิทธิบัตรการออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์ [ทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา]
การออกแบบระบบ, Example:การออกแบบระบบงานคอมพิวเตอร์ เพื่อให้เป็นระบบที่มีประสิทธิภาพตรงกับความต้องการ และสามารถขยายตัวได้ในอนาคต [คอมพิวเตอร์]
เครื่องหมายดีเอส, Example:เครื่องหมายนี้ย่อมาจาก designated securities ตลาดหลักทรัพย์จะติด DS ไว้บนหลักทรัพย์ เพื่อให้ผู้ลงทุนทราบว่าหลักทรัพย์นั้นมีภาวะซื้อขายผิดไปจากสภาพปกติในด้านราคาและ/หรือด้านปริมาณซื้อขายโดยที่ยังไม่ทราบเหตุผล และตลาดหลักทรัพย์กำลังตรวจสอบการซื้อขายหลักทรัพย์ดังกล่าวในการซื้อขายหลักทรัพย์ที่ติดเครื่องหมาย DS ตลาดหลักทรัพย์กำหนดข้อปฏิบัติว่า ผู้ซื้อจะต้องใช้เงินสดชำระค่าหุ้นทันที และผู้ขายจะต้องส่งมอบใบหุ้นทันทีเช่นเดียวกัน บริษัทสมาชิกต้องงดซื้อขายหุ้นที่ติดเครื่องหมาย DS เพื่อบัญชีตนเองและจะต้องรายงานรายชื่อผู้ซื้อขายหลักทรัพย์นั้น ๆ ให้ตลาดหลักทรัพย์ภายในเที่ยงวันของวันทำการถัดไป [ตลาดทุน]
การออกแบบงาน [TU Subject Heading]
อะโดเบ อินดีซายน์ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบสถาปัตยกรรม [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเพื่อคนพิการ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเพื่อคนพิการทางสายตา [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบหนังสือ [TU Subject Heading]
การสื่อสารทางการออกแบบสถาปัตยกรรม [TU Subject Heading]
การสื่อสารทางการออกแบบ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบโดยใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ช่วย [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเครื่องแต่งกาย [TU Subject Heading]
นักออกแบบเครื่องแต่งกาย [TU Subject Heading]
การป้องกันอาชญากรรมกับการออกแบบสถาปัตยกรรม [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบฐานข้อมูล [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบและการสร้าง [TU Subject Heading]
นักออกแบบ [TU Subject Heading]
แบบและแผนผัง [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบยา [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบการต้านแรงแผ่นดินไหว [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบวงจรอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบทางวิศวกรรม [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบการทดลอง [TU Subject Heading]
แบบการทดลองแบบแฟคทอเรียล [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเครื่องแต่งกายสมัยนิยม [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเฟอร์นิเจอร์ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบเลขนศิลป์ (ตัวพิมพ์) [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบในงานอุตสาหกรรม [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบภูมิทัศน์ [TU Subject Heading]
การออกแบบตัวประกอบภาระ [TU Subject Heading]
English-Thai: Longdo Dictionary (UNAPPROVED version -- use with care ) Longdo Unapproved EN-TH **ระวัง คำแปลอาจมีข้อผิดพลาด**
(n, vi, vt, modal, ver) Climatic aspects in urban design—a case study Isaac G. Capeluto, , A. Yezioro and E. Shaviv Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel Received 11 December 2001; revised 13 February 2002; accepted 21 February 2002.; Available online 4 April 2002. Abstract We present a case study of a design of a new business district in Tel Aviv city. In this work climatic aspects were taken into consideration in the very early design stages. For that purpose, two models SustArc (Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997, p. 148) and FLUENT 5.0.2 (Fluent's User's Guide, Fluent Inc., NH, USA, 1999) were applied in order to achieve solar and wind rights. The new business district was designed as a high-density urban area and is located near an old low-rise residential quarter. SustArc was used as a design tool to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build without violating the solar rights of existing residential neighborhood, the main avenues and the pedestrian sidewalks. FLUENT, on the other hand, was implemented as an evaluative tool, in a trial and error method, until a design solution could be achieved, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. The paper presents the process of sun and wind controlled planning, as well as the recommendations. Author Keywords: Solar rights; Wind rights; Urban design; Design tools Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Sun, winds and urban design 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district 4. Planning control for sun access 5. Planning control for wind access and protection 6. Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements References 1. Introduction During the conceptual design phase of urban districts, the designer deals with different geometrical characteristics related to the building's height and width, in relation to the open spaces and the pedestrian sidewalks. New buildings may create a different microclimate, like changing the wind regime and shading of existing neighborhoods, as well as in the new district. To protect solar rights, as well as wind rights, is a complex task. Moreover, tolerable winds should be achieved along the pedestrian sidewalks. The determination of a preferable design solution becomes specially complicated due to mutual influences. On the other hand, ignoring the solar rights at the stage of the preparation of the master plan may cause discomfort conditions around the buildings beyond repair. Different design tools for solar insolation conscious design were developed. We can classify these tools into generation tools and evaluation tools. The generative design tools aid to define the proper geometry. Some examples are [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ] for determining solar rights. These tools generate nomograms that present all possible solutions to a given problem. These nomograms are called “Solar Envelopes”. The evaluation tools, on the other hand, analyze the performance of a given design. Some examples are Kroner and Abrey [ 7 ], Yezioro and Shaviv [ 8 and 9 ] and Capeluto and Shaviv [ 5 ] for evaluating solar rights for buildings and in open spaces among them. Heliodons are also used to evaluate the proposed design, namely a scaled down 3D physical model examined in the laboratory. For microclimate and wind rights conscious design, there are today only evaluative design tools. These are either wind tunnel studies, or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. The CFD models are very powerful, require heavy calculations, but provide detailed results that can show clearly the defects in suggested designs. As a result, new design alternatives may be thought of and re-evaluated, until a good and satisfactory design is achieved. In the design of the new business district in Tel Aviv (Fig. 1), we have used SustArc, as the design tool to evaluate the proposed design (Fig. 2). We have also used SustArc to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build while keeping the solar rights of the existing neighborhood (Fig. 5). We used FLUENT to evaluate the existing situation, the proposed solution and the mitigation design, in which the wind rights to the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds along the pedestrian sidewalks ( Fig. 8 and Fig. 9). The paper presents the design process along with the different design tools implemented to create the solutions and to simulate and evaluate the proposed design. Using these tools we could develop rules and design guidelines that ensure proper insolation and ventilation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as creating good microclimatic conditions inside the new business district. Display Full Size version of this image (63K) Fig. 1. An aerial view of the business district. Display Full Size version of this image (24K) Fig. 2. Sun-view presenting the shading of the main green avenue (the area adjacent to the tall buildings from the right) and the residential neighborhood (the long square on the right). 2. Sun, winds and urban design There are many places in which urban design take into consideration solar rights and winds protection. Let us mention a few: New York, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and San Francisco, in the USA, Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, London, Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto, in Canada [ 10 ]. Many tall buildings were built during the past in all of the above cities. These tall buildings caused different problems, like shading, loss of daylight, and creation of strong winds around the tall buildings on one hand, and at the same time avoid good ventilation by creating wind stagnation at some parts around them. From the accumulating experience, the city leaders and designers recognized the need to control the changes in the microclimatic conditions created by a proposed design. In many cities, large projects, including tall buildings, require wind studies, as well as shading evaluation. Nevertheless, in most places, the planning control for wind protection and solar insolation are not mandatory and are not imposed by standards, but rather open to negotiations with the developers. Defining urban standards can be carried on along three different approaches [ 10 ]: Prescriptive and descriptive standards, in which the exact physical solution is given. For example, the specific maximum height of buildings in the inner city neighborhood of San Francisco is dictated along with the angle of the slope of a plan that cut the upper floors further from the street. Performance standards, in which the expected performance of the design is given. For example, Boston zoning ordinance dictates for some downtown areas, that “No net increase in shadow is permitted between 8 a.m. and 2.30 p.m.”. In San Francisco for example a performance standard is set for the maximum allowed wind velocity so that “a building form which causes wind speeds to exceed 11 miles/h in areas where people walk and 7 miles/h in areas where people sit, should not be used”. Discretionary review, in which a comprehensive study is required as part of the environmental impact study (EIS) process. For example, in New York, sponsors of large development projects are required to conduct wind studies. The expected wind velocities in new or existing open spaces shall not exceed the mean wind velocity in existing comparable open spaces. There are not yet urban standards and legislation in Israel about how much a building can shade neighboring buildings, open spaces, or what is the maximum allowed wind speed. As for solar rights, we were contracted to develop legislation [ 11 ] and we hope that our future recommendations will be imposed. However, in many cities, the Israeli ministry of the environment demands from every developer, who intends to build high-rise buildings, a discretionary review for winds and shading, as part of the EIS. As there are not yet urban standards, the results of the study are not always imposed on the project. The shading study is usually an evaluation process, carried by different computer codes, while the wind assessment is in most cases a wind tunnel study. In the following chapter we shall demonstrate the approach to deal with planning control for sun access and wind access and protection [ 12 ] that was carried out in the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district A new business district is being planned in the heart of Tel Aviv on an area of 250, 000 m2. The urban density was changed from 200% to 450%. As a result, the developers wish to build in the area many high-rise buildings 40 stories and above. Existing low-rise residential buildings that surround this new business district will be affected by the high-rise buildings (see Fig. 1). The new master plan of this district was not approved yet, and the residents of neighboring communities can submit objections to the new plan, which they did. The designers of the Tel Aviv City planning department produced a 3D model of the site, in which they assumed that all developers would build the maximum allowed (a likely outcome). The model allows the visualization of the spatial drawbacks in the preliminary design. In particular, it was found that the new buildings create a high wall that would deprive the sun and winds (coming mainly from west) from the existing buildings (Fig. 2). Therefore, the designers of Tel Aviv City planning department decided to adopt certain rules for the design of this new business district so as to ensure sun and winds in the existing residential neighborhood. The Tel Aviv climate is hot and humid, and the sea breeze helps in summer to bring about thermal comfort in open spaces, as well as indoors. Therefore, the proposed high-rise buildings should not block the sea breeze. Moreover, tall buildings can create strong winds at the foot of the buildings. This fact complicates the situation, as near tall buildings the wind velocity may change very fast from extremely strong wind to no breeze at all. The sun in Tel Aviv is undesirable in summer but it can cause any open space and parks to be a very pleasant and enjoyable place to stay in winter. Therefore, permanent shading, even if needed in summer, compromises winter sun. A dynamic solution, like shading open spaces and sidewalks in summer by deciduous trees that supply winter insolation, is preferred. In general, at least one pedestrian sidewalk should be exposed to winter sun to provide thermal comfort in winter. The other sidewalk, which is shaded by the building in winter, can be protected from the summer sun by permanent shading devices, or by evergreen trees. On top of it, in Israel there is a requirement by law, for every residential unit, to have solar panels for hot water. It is mandatory, therefore, that these panels will be exposed to the sun the year around. 4. Planning control for sun access “Solar Rights Envelope” defines the space of all possible solutions for the determination of a design that does not violate the solar rights of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year (See Fig. 3). The model SustArc creates such an envelope [ 5 and 6 ]. Display Full Size version of this image (18K) Fig. 3. The solar rights envelope. In the design of the new business district, the use of solar envelopes was recommended to protect the solar rights. The requirement was to achieve solar access during the entire winter, between 8 a.m. and 3.00 p.m., in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the main avenue that is the only existing green open area. The solar envelope that fulfills the above requirement, as well as the obtained shape of the buildings under this envelope, are presented in Fig. 4. Display Full Size version of this image (11K) Fig. 4. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the main green open space. Although the requirements were only to ensure solar access to the residential neighborhood, we added the demand that the main two avenues from west to east will be exposed to the sun during the same period. This is in order to ensure that the morning and afternoon walk from the railway station to work, is in the sun (see Fig. 6). On top of it, we required that the main inner street parallel to the main green avenue would have solar access during lunchtime from 12.00 to 13.00. These requirements will allow the people to enjoy walking in the sun to the two avenues (A and B in Fig. 6) that lead them to the main green avenue, to have lunch in the garden, or in the planned restaurants along the green avenue. Fig. 5 presents the solar envelope that was accepted as design guidelines for the relocation or reshaping of the tall buildings in the business district. All buildings higher than this envelope (these are the buildings that can be seen above the net of the envelope) must be displaced to another location, or should be reshaped (see Fig. 6). This is a descriptive approach, in which all possible consistent solutions are given in advance. However, we mixed the descriptive approach with the performance one, by allowing some exceptions, as long as the shading caused by these buildings is not above a given standard. But, till such standard will exist, a discretionary review approach might be necessary. Display Full Size version of this image (36K) Fig. 5. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Display Full Size version of this image (22K) Fig. 6. The maximum allowed floors for each building, keeping solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Based on these design guidelines a new scheme was suggested by the city planners, that follows the solar envelope (see Fig. 7). Until now, few tall buildings have already been relocated and reshaped, so that they will not stick out from the given solar envelope. Display Full Size version of this image (33K) Fig. 7. Design guidelines on building mass as proposed by the city planners. View from south–east. 5. Planning control for wind access and protection Contrary to other cities, where the requirements were only to protect from high wind velocity around tall buildings, the demand in our case was to ensure good ventilation to the residential neighborhood located east to the business center. The situation today is, that in the business district, most of the buildings are seven floors high and are in a very bad physical condition. Therefore, the majority of the buildings should be demolished and replaced by new ones. The only exception is the first row of buildings near the freeway that are seven floors and new. Today, one can feel in the neighboring residential quarter the good breeze coming from the west. The proposed new tall buildings, thirty floors and above, may block the breeze. As a result, the residents of this quarter objected to the new design on the ground of wind rights. The question that was raised, therefore, was what should be the ventilation corridors inside the business district tissue, so that good natural ventilation will remain in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the new business district. This fact complicated the situation, as in many design alternatives the very solution for ensuring the breeze in the residential quarter, may cause excessive winds in the business district (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). There are not yet design tools that can create the envelope of all possible solutions that satisfy wind requirements, or wind protection. Therefore, performance approach and evaluation technique were applied by using a CFD simulation model FLUENT 5.0.2 [ 13 ]. We required the following: wind velocity in the main avenues and streets should be in summer at least 2 m/s in walking areas, and 1 m/s in sitting areas. In winter, wind velocity in the main green avenue should not be higher than 5 m/s in walking areas and 3.5 m/s in sitting areas. In other streets, where people move fast, it can reach up to 9 m/s . In the residential neighborhood, the breeze should be similar to what exists today. FLUENT is a very powerful tool. It requires heavy calculations, but gives detailed results that can show the wind pattern in any plan or cross-section (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). We used FLUENT with the k– turbulence model, to evaluate the existing situation. We compared it with the proposed design (Fig. 9) and with the design based on the solar envelope ( Fig. 10). Many different design alternatives were proposed and evaluated, until a design solution was found, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood are preserved while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. As the buildings are not yet designed, and for the master plan only general information about the mass of the buildings is required, we assumed simple shapes, and conducted parametric evaluation, in order to find the influence of each design option on the wind pattern. Also, as the simulations are CPU time intensive, we shorten the evaluation procedure by presenting in the same plan different widths for the ventilation corridors, as well as different widths for the north–south streets. In this way we could learn from the same run, what is the preferred width of the ventilation corridors. Fig. 8 presents the standard meteorological wind measurements on site, 10 m above the ground. From this figure one learns that the desired winds in the hot seasons come mainly from the west and northwest and in general the wind velocity is about 3.5 m/s. To ensure wind rights, we carried simulations for these two directions. In all simulations we assumed a wind profile appropriate for the urban roughness and wind velocity of 3.5 m/s at the entrance. Display Full Size version of this image (21K) Fig. 8. The wind rose as measured in site. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show few of the simulations results and only for winds coming from the west. In general, the wind coming from northwest gave better results than what is shown here. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 top left present the existing situation; i.e. all buildings are seven floors high. The widths of the north–south streets are 16 and 36 m according to the existing situation and widths of the east–west streets are 36, 24 and 12 m. The latter are the ventilation corridors that should allow the sea breeze to reach the residential neighborhood. According to the wind pattern obtained, we required that the north–south streets should be at least 36 m in order not to have wind stagnation in the street. The ventilation corridors should be at least 24 m, preferable 36 m. For the 12 m wide ventilation corridor, the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood is too low, even in the existing situation of seven floors high buildings. Therefore, we defined the wind pattern examined area as the area east to the 24 and 36 m ventilation corridors only. Based on these recommendations ventilation corridors were designed and required by the city planners (see Fig. 11). Display Full Size version of this image (80K) Fig. 9. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design. Bottom—parametric analysis. Display Full Size version of this image (79K) Fig. 10. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design according to the Solar envelope section. Bottom left—parametric analysis: Seven floors buildings along the pathway. Bottom right—parametric analysis: Adding trees at the entrance of the ventilation corridor. Display Full Size version of this image (16K) Fig. 11. Ventilation corridors as requested by the city planners. Fig. 9 presents the simulation results for the proposed design (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that cutting the building in 45ฐ at the exit of the business district, improves the ventilation in both the main green avenue and the residential neighborhood (bottom left). On the other hand, changing the plan of the middle tower from square to round deteriorates the microclimate conditions. Fig. 10 presents the simulation results for the proposed design according to the solar envelope section (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that the design according the solar envelope preserves also the wind rights. However, the wind velocity along the east–west pathway is too high, and should be reduced. Adding seven floors high buildings along the 36 m wide pathway, reduces the high velocity wind speed in this pathway, but also reduces a little bit the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood. Adding trees at the entrance to the ventilation corridors reduces the wind velocity inside the ventilation corridors, and also in the residential neighborhood. However, the wind pattern obtained is quite satisfactory (bottom right). 6. Summary and conclusions This work presents a case study in which, for the first time, the solar rights envelope was used in Israel for the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv, keeping solar rights in a high-density urban area. Using this solar envelope we could determine the maximum allowed heights of the buildings that ensure proper insolation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the new business district and the main green avenue. The requirement to build under the solar envelope is a prescriptive/descriptive approach. To protect both, the solar and wind rights, the solar envelope was created first, this envelope was then evaluated using a CFD technique to ensure the wind rights and tolerable winds inside the business district. From the many simulations performed (only few of them shown here) we found that it is not easy to use the prescriptive/descriptive approach, as was done in the solar rights requirement. Only for the determination of the geometry of the ventilation corridors to ensure wind rights, such an approach can be applied. However, for the wind control, a standard performance approach should be applied. This is because the winds pattern depends on the exact geometry of all buildings around. Changing the geometry of one building can influence the wind pattern around other buildings. Therefore, performance standards should be established, and the wind pattern around the building should be evaluated against these standards, by certified tools and users. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the fund for promotion of research at the Technion. Research Number 022.732, and 022.751. References 1. F. Arumi, Computer-aided energy design for buildings. In: D. Watson, Editor, Energy conservation through building design, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979). 2. Shaviv E. Design tools for solar rights and sun-shades determination. Proceedings of the Ninth National Passive Solar Conference ASES, Boulder, CO, 1984. p. 14–9. 3. Wright R, Hoinkes R. Computational issues in urban design: developing a strategy for solar impact assessment. In: Flemming, Wyk, editors. CAAD futures. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1993. 4. Schiler M, Ueng-Fang P. Solvelope: an interactive computer program for defining and drawing solar envelopes. 18th National Passive Solar Conference-ASES, Washington, DC, 1993. 5. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban grids and fabric with solar rights considerations. Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997. p. 148–60. 6. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban fabric with solar rights consideration. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. p. 1341–7. 7. Kroner WM, Abrey D. From the sun's point of view. Proceedings of the 10th National Passive Solar Conference, Ralleigh, North Carolina, USA, 1985. 8. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. A Design tool for analyzing mutual shading between buildings, Solar energy, Vol. 52, No. 1. USA: Pergamon Press, 1994. p. 27–37. 9. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. Shading: analyzing mutual shading among buildings. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. 10. Bosselmann P, Arens E, Dunker K, Wright R. Sun, wind, and pedestrian comfort. A study of Toronto's central area. Center for Environmental Design Research, University of California at Berkeley and Center for Landscape Architecture Research, University of Toronto. The Department of Planning and Development, City of Toronto, 1991. 11. Shaviv E, Capeluto IG, Yezioro A. Solar rights in high density urban design. Research Proposal No. 022.732, Ministry of Housing, Israel, 2001. 12. HELIOS Climate Energy CAD and Architecture Ltd. Urban climatic design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. Internal Report, 2000 [ in Hebrew ]. 13. FLUENT Inc. Fluent user's guide. NH, USA: Fluent Inc., 1999. Corresponding author. Tel.: +972-4-829-4013; fax: +972-4-829-4617 Building and Environment Volume 38, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 827-835
[ดีไซน์] (n, vi, vt, modal, verb, aux, verb, adj, adv, prep, conj, pron, phrase, jargon, slang, colloq, vulgar, abbrev, name, o) ออกแบบ
การตั้งชื่อ
(n) ร้านขายสินค้าจากโรงงาน, ร้านค้าที่ขายสินค้าที่ผลิตโดยผู้ผลิตเฉพาะในราคาลดพิเศษ, an outlet store, a shop that sells goods made by a particular manufacturer at discounted prices.
(n, modal, verb, adv, pron) System is designed for web-based
Thai-English: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates] NECTEC Lexitron-2 Dictionary (TH-EN)
(n) lined pattern, See Also: lined design, lined figure, Example:การ์ตูนฝรั่งเศสไม่ค่อยมีตัวหนังสือ ใช้ลายเส้นบอกเรื่องในตัวเองเสร็จสรรพ, Unit:ภาพ, Thai Definition:ภาพที่วาดแต่เส้นกรอบโครงด้านนอก
(n) name, See Also: appellation, designation, Syn. ชื่อ, นาม, Example:พระปรเมศวรมีพระมเหสีซ้ายขวา องค์ซ้ายเป็นที่โปรดปรานมากทรงพระนามว่า ศรีสุดาจันทร์, Notes:(ราชา)
(v) design, Example:การสร้างงานศิลปะระดับชาติ ได้ว่าจ้างฝรั่งมาออกแบบตกแต่งพระบรมมหาราชวังหรือพระที่นั่ง, Thai Definition:ประดิษฐ์แบบ, ประดิษฐ์รูปลักษณะ
(n) design, See Also: pattern, Example:ช่างไทยโบราณนิยมใช้ลวดลายต่างๆ ประดับลงบนสิ่งของเครื่องใช้, Thai Definition:ลายต่างๆ ที่เขียนหรือแกะสลัก
(n) design, See Also: pattern, Example:ช่างก่อสร้างประดับโบสถ์ วิหารด้วยลายปูนปั้น, Unit:ลาย, Thai Definition:รูปแบบทางทัศนศิลป์ประเภทหนึ่งประกอบขึ้นด้วยเส้นเป็นสำคัญ ลักษณะเป็นแบบซ้ำๆ เป็นหมู่ๆ หรือต่อเนื่องกันไป
(n) title, See Also: designation, Example:พระพุทธรูปทองประดับพระนามาภิไธยย่อส.ก. ทาบเหนือพระอังสาซ้าย, Thai Definition:ชื่อ (ใช้เฉพาะพระราชินี สมเด็จพระบรมราชชนนี สมเด็จพระยุพราช สมเด็จพระบรมโอรสาธิราช และสมเด็จพระบรมราชกุมาร) เช่น ทรงลงพระนามาภิไธย
(v) have malice, See Also: have wicked intentions, harbour evil designings, harbour evil thoughts, Example:ถึงแม้ว่าเขาจะเป็นคนที่คิดถึงแต่ตัวเอง แต่เขาก็ไม่เคยคิดร้ายต่อผู้อื่น
(n) design of intertwined sprays, See Also: Thai design, Thai figuration, Example:ลายเครือเถาเหมาะสำหรับใช้แกะสลักผักหรือผลไม้เป็นช่อหรือพวง เช่นการแกะสลักขิง เป็นต้น, Unit:ลาย, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายไทยชนิดหนึ่งที่มีรูปกิ่งไม้ร้อยพันกันเป็นช่อหรือพวง
(n) name of Thai design, See Also: Thai figuration, Example:ลายที่ประตูวัดใต้เป็นลายเครือแย่ง, Unit:ลาย, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายไทยชนิดหนึ่ง
(n) name of decorative pattern, See Also: cursive design alternately consisting of concave and convex, Syn. คดกริช, ลายพดกริช, Example:อาจารย์ท่านนี้มีความรู้เรื่องลายไทยเป็นอย่างดี และมีความเชี่ยวชาญในการวาดลายพดกริชเป็นพิเศษ, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายชนิดหนึ่ง เป็นเส้นยาวคดไปมาอย่างรูปกริช
(n) spiral design, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายที่พันสิ่งกลมๆ ยาวๆ
(n) name of decorative design, Example:พระอุโบสถวัดราชบรรทมเป็นลายกนกขมวดเป็นก้นหอย ตรงกลางเป็นลายพุ่มข้าวบิณฑ์ซ้อนเป็นชั้น, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายอย่างหนึ่งรูปเหมือนพุ่มข้าวบิณฑ์
(n) painted design, Example:นักโบราณคดีได้ทำการขุดค้นพบเครื่องปั้นดินเผาที่มีลายเขียนสีของสมัยหินใหม่, Thai Definition:การเขียนลวดลายโดยใช้สีต่างๆ
(n) perforated design, Example:บ้านเรือนไทยหลังนี้มีลายฉลุไม้ประดับของประตูหน้าต่างที่สวยงามมาก, Thai Definition:ลายที่เกิดจากการสลัก
(v) appoint someone, See Also: designate someone, Example:คณะกรรมการหมายตัวผู้ที่จะได้รับตำแหน่งไว้แล้ว, Thai Definition:กำหนดตัวไว้
(n) denomination, See Also: nomination, calling, designation, giving a name, Syn. คำตั้ง, Example:คำว่า ตัวการ และ ตัวดี มีคำตั้งคือคำว่า ตัว, Unit:คำ, Thai Definition:คำที่เป็นคำตั้งหรือเป็นแม่แบบ, Notes:ปาก
(n) kind of Thai pattern, See Also: name of a kind of decorative design, Syn. ลายตาอ้อย, Example:ด้านหลังของบานประตูเดินด้วยลายกระจังและตาอ้อย มีความงดงามอย่างยิ่ง, Unit:ลาย, ชนิด, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายชนิดหนึ่ง
(n) kind of Thai cloth, See Also: with big squares, cloth woven with large designs (/checks), bold check-pattern, Syn. ผ้าโกง, Example:หมู่บ้านนี้มีชื่อเสียงการทอตาโก้งมากหมู่บ้านหนึ่ง, Unit:ผืน, พับ, ชิ้น, Thai Definition:ชื่อผ้าชนิดหนึ่งที่ทอเป็นตาโตๆ เรียกว่า ผ้าตาโก้ง
(n) denomination, See Also: nomination, calling, designation, giving a name, Syn. คำตั้ง, Example:คำว่า ตัวการ และ ตัวดี มีตัวตั้งคือคำว่า ตัว, Unit:คำ, Thai Definition:คำที่เป็นคำตั้งหรือเป็นแม่แบบ, Notes:ปาก
(n) kind of Thai cloth, See Also: with big squares, cloth woven with large designs (/checks), bold check-pattern, Syn. ผ้าโกง, Example:หมู่บ้านนี้มีชื่อเสียงการทอตาโก้งมากหมู่บ้านหนึ่ง, Unit:ผืน, พับ, ชิ้น, Thai Definition:ชื่อผ้าชนิดหนึ่งที่ทอเป็นตาโตๆ เรียกว่า ผ้าตาโก้ง
(n) pieces of niello worked in gold or silver designs, Thai Definition:ถมเงินและถมทอง
(v) specify, See Also: define, enumerate, designate, be specific, name specially, Syn. ระบุ, กำหนด, ชี้เฉพาะ, Example:ท่านพระครูดูเหมือนจะเจาะจงมารับบาตรจากบ้านเถ้าแก่ผู้รับเหมาก่อสร้างโดยเฉพาะ
(n) a kind of rice-grain-shaped design, Syn. ลายพุ่มข้าวบิณฑ์, Example:พระอุโบสถวัดราชบรรทม เป็นลายกนกขมวดเป็นก้นหอย ตรงกลางเป็นทรงข้าวบิณฑ์ซ้อนเป็นชั้น
(n) royal name, See Also: royal designation, royal appellation, Syn. พระนามาภิไธย, Example:ผ้าห่มคลุมพระอังสาทั้งสองข้างของพระพุทธรูปประดับพระนามาภิไธยย่อ ส.ก., Thai Definition:ชื่อ ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะพระราชินี สมเด็จพระบรมราชชนนี สมเด็จพระยุพราช สมเด็จพระบรมโอรสาธิราช และสมเด็จพระบรมราชกุมารี
(n) name of Thai porcelain with designs in five colours, Syn. ชามเบญจรงค์, เครื่องเบญจรงค์, Example:ไทยมีลักษณะเฉพาะของเราแตกต่างไปจากชาติอื่นๆ เช่นชามเบญจรงค์ของไทยก็ไม่เหมือนชามลายครามของจีน, Thai Definition:เครื่องถ้วยชามที่เขียนลวดลายด้วยแม่สีทั้ง 5
(n) kind of running hexagonal design, See Also: hexagonal decorative design, Syn. ลายรังแตน, Thai Definition:ลายที่มีลักษณะคล้ายดาวจงกลหรือดอกบัวแย้ม
(n) name of a Thai design, See Also: name of a Thai decorative pattern, Example:หน้าบันนี้สลักลายประจำยามคั่นลายเถา, Unit:ลาย, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายอย่างหนึ่งมีรูปเป็นดอก 4 กลีบ วางเป็นระยะๆ คั่นลายอื่น
(n) Chinese decorative design, See Also: fret design consisting of intersecting bars, Example:ลายนี้เรียกว่าลายประแจจีน, Unit:ลาย, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายแบบจีนชนิดหนึ่งเป็นรูปสี่เหลี่ยมหักมุมไขว้กัน
(n) floral decoration of interlocked flower, See Also: running floral design, Syn. แก้วชิงดวง, Thai Definition:ชื่อลายชนิดหนึ่งเป็นลายแย่งดอกกัน หรือเป็นดอกเกี่ยวกัน
(n) name, See Also: appellation, designation, Syn. นาม, ฉายา, Example:ชื่อของหล่อนแปลว่าดอกไม้, Unit:ชื่อ, Thai Definition:คำที่ตั้งขึ้นสำหรับเรียก คน สัตว์ ที่ และสิ่งของโดยทั่วๆ ไปหรือโดยเฉพาะเจาะจง
(n) cone-shaped design, Unit:กรวย, อัน
(n) Chinese decorative design, See Also: Chinese silk's design, Syn. ลายจีน, Example:ผ้าแพรผืนนี้เป็นลายกระบวนจีน, Thai Definition:ลวดลายผ้าแพร โดยมากเป็นรูปประแจ กะแปะ มังกร
(n) pattern, See Also: design, drawing, model, Syn. แบบตัวอย่าง, Unit:แบบ, Thai Definition:แบบตัวอย่างสำหรับสร้างหรือทำของจริง
(n) product design, Example:เขาเรียนจบการออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์จากมหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร
(v) call, See Also: name, give a name, designate, Syn. เรียก, ตั้งชื่อ, Example:ชาวไทยขนานนามรัชกาลที่ 5 ว่าสมเด็จพระปิยะมหาราช
(n) drawing, See Also: painting, portraying, variegated, designs, Syn. การวาดเขียน, การระบายสี, ลวดลาย
Thai-English-French: Volubilis Dictionary 1.0 Volubilis Dictionary (TH-EN-FR)
[baēp] (n) EN: design ; pattern ; style ; form FR: design [ m ]
[benjarong] (n) EN: traditional five-coloured Thai ceramics ; Thai porcelain with designs in five colours
[-burī] (x) EN: -town, -city (suffix related to a town or city) FR: -ville, -bourg (suffixe désignant une ville)
[chām bēnjarong] (n, exp) EN: name of Thai porcelain with designs in five colours
[chang toktaeng phāinai] (n, exp) EN: interior designer
[chāyā] (n) EN: alias ; nickname ; designation FR: surnom [ m ] ; sobriquet [ m ]
[cheū] (n) EN: name ; appellation ; designation FR: nom [ m ] ; appellation [ f ] ; désignation [ f ] ; dénomination [ f ]
[dīsāi = dīsāin] (n) EN: design FR: design [ m ] (anglic.)
[jit] (n) EN: drawing ; painting ; portraying ; variegated ; design FR: peinture [ f ]
[jǿjong] (v) EN: specify ; define ; enumerate ; designate ; be specific ; name specially FR: distinguer ; particulariser ; spécifier
[jongjai] (v) EN: intend ; plan ; design ; mean ; set one's mind on
[jongjai] (adv) EN: intentionally ; purposely ; designedly ; deliberately FR: exprès ; intentionnellement ; volontairement ; à dessein
[kaē baēp] (v, exp) EN: alter a design FR: modifier un plan
[kanok] (n) EN: Thai design consisting of double curves
[kān økbaēp] (n) EN: design
[kān økbaēp rabop] (n, exp) EN: system design
[kān økbaēp sinkhā] (n, exp) EN: product design
[kān økbaēp thāng sathāpattayakam] (n, exp) EN: architecture design
[kān toktaeng phāinai] (n, exp) EN: interior design FR: décoration intérieure [ m ]
[khanān cheū] (v, exp) EN: call ; name ; designate FR: appeler ; désigner ; nommer
[khanān nām] (n, exp) EN: call ; name ; designate ; give a name
[khit rāi] (v, exp) EN: have malice ; have wicked intentions ; harbour evil designings ; harbour evil thoughts FR: être animé de mauvaises intentions
[khreūathao] (n) EN: design of intertwined sprays
[khreūayaēng] (n) EN: name of Thai design
[krūaychoēng] (n) EN: coneshaped design on cloth/spike/lance
[lāi] (n) EN: design ; figure ; pattern ; dot ; stripe FR: dessin [ m ] ; figure [ f ] ; motif [ m ] ; rayure [ f ] ; raie [ f ]
[lēkhā] (n) EN: writing ; drawing ; graph ; graphics ; design ; pattern FR: écriture [ f ]
[leūak] (v) EN: choose ; pick out ; select ; vote ; elect FR: choisir ; sélectionner ; préférer ; voter ; élire ; désigner
[lūatlāi] (n) EN: design ; pattern FR: motif [ m ]
[māitheung] (v) EN: mean ; be FR: signifier ; désigner ; être
[manthanākøn] (n) EN: interior designer FR: designer [ m ]
[nak økbaēp] (n, exp) EN: designer
[nak økbaēp faēchan] (n, exp) EN: fashion designer FR: créateur de mode [ m ]
[nayōbāi] (n) EN: policy ; plan ; design ; strategy ; principle ; intention ; method ; system ; platform ; manifesto FR: politique [ f ] ; stratégie [ f ] ; intentions [ fpl ] ; manifeste [ m ]
[ngān økbaēp] (n) EN: creative design ; design FR: création [ f ]
[økbaēp] (v, exp) EN: design ; lay plans FR: dessiner un plan ; établir le plan de ; réaliser une esquisse ; présenter un modèle ; concevoir ; établir ; créer
[økbaēp mā] (v, exp) EN: be designed FR: être conçu (pour) ; être destiné (à)
[phaēn] (n) EN: scheme ; plan ; method ; system ; pattern ; design ; blueprint FR: plan [ m ] ; projet [ m ] ; plan d'action [ m ] ; intention [ f ] ; stratégie [ f ] ; schéma [ m ]
[phī] (n) EN: friend (for s.o. older), person (general term for s.o. older), you ( to s.o. older – inf.) FR: aîné [ m ] ; aînée [ f ] ; ami (plus âgé) [ m ] ; amie (plus âgée) [ f ] ; personne (général, pr désigner qqn de plus âgé) ; tu ( pr s'adresser à qqn de plus âgé – inf.)
[phū-økbaēp] (n) EN: designer ; creator ; architect ; planner ; deviser FR: concepteur [ m ] ; réalisateur [ m ]
[plaēn] (n) EN: plan ; plot ; proposal ; scheme ; design FR: plan [ m ] ; tracé [ m ]
[pøng] (v) EN: have an eye on ; have designs on ; aim for/to get ; desire ; intend ; long for ; crave for FR: projeter ; préméditer ; désirer ; souhaiter ; ambitionner ; avoir des vues sur
[pūm] (n) EN: silk with checkered design ; dotted silk FR: brocart [ m ]
[rabu] (v) EN: identify ; give the name ; specify ; mention ; name ; designate ; stipulate ; determine FR: mentionner ; nommer ; préciser ; spécifier
[rīek cheū] (v) EN: designate ; call ; call out names ; call the roll ; make a roll call FR: appeler ; désigner ; nommer ; faire l'appel
[sadaēng hai hen] (v, exp) EN: indicate ; show ; signify ; symbolize ; name ; point ; designate FR: dévoiler ; révéler ; démontrer
[sanōe cheū] (v, exp) EN: nominate ; put forward one's name ; offer one's name for selection FR: désigner ; nommer
[-sāt] (x) EN: -logy (suff.) ; -nomy (suff.) ; (suffix related to a scientific domain) FR: -logie (suff.) ; -nomie (suff.) ; (suffixe désignant un domaine scientifique)
[somyā] (n) EN: designation ; name ; appellation ; title ; nickname ; alias FR: désignation [ m ] ; appellation [ f ] ; nom [ m ] ; surnom [ m ]
[somyā nām] (n, exp) EN: nickname ; alias ; designation
ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus
design
design
design
CMU English Pronouncing Dictionary Dictionary [with local updates] CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (pronunciation guide only) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary
WordNet (3.0) WordNet (3.0)
(n) software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing, Syn. CAD
(n) the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan), Syn. designing, Example:he contributed to the design of a new instrument
(n) an arrangement scheme, Syn. plan, Example:the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living; a plan for seating guests
(n) a preliminary sketch indicating the plan for something, Example:the design of a building
(v) plan something for a specific role or purpose or effect, Example:This room is not designed for work
(v) create the design for; create or execute in an artistic or highly skilled manner, Example:Chanel designed the famous suit
(v) make a design of; plan out in systematic, often graphic form, Syn. plan, Example:design a better mousetrap; plan the new wing of the museum
(v) create designs, Example:Dupont designs for the house of Chanel
(v) conceive or fashion in the mind; invent, Example:She designed a good excuse for not attending classes that day
(v) intend or have as a purpose, Example:She designed to go far in the world of business
(adj) appointed but not yet installed in office
(n) the member of a party who is designated to refrain from alcohol and so is sober when it is time to drive home
(n) a ballplayer who is designated to bat in place of the pitcher
(adj) serving to designate
(n) something (whether existing or not) that is referred to by a linguistic expression
(n) criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device, Example:the job specifications summarized the design criteria
(n) a person who devises plots or intrigues, Syn. intriguer, Example:he is believed to be the principal designer of the terrorist bombing attack
(n) a psychoactive drug deliberately synthesized to avoid anti-drug laws; mimics the effects of a banned drug; law was revised in 1986 to ban designer drugs
(adj) concealing crafty designs for advancing your own interest; - W.Churchill, Syn. scheming, Example:a selfish and designing nation obsessed with the dark schemes of European intrigue; a scheming wife; a scheming gold digger
(n) visual communication by a skillful combination of text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, books, etc.
(n) the branch of architecture dealing with the selection and organization of furnishings for an architectural interior
(n) a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings, Syn. room decorator, decorator, interior decorator, house decorator, designer
(v) design anew, make a new design for
(n) identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others, Syn. denomination, designation, appellative
(n) the act of putting a person into a non-elective position, Syn. naming, assignment, designation, Example:the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee
(n) someone who designs or supplies costumes (as for a play or masquerade), Syn. costumer, costume designer
(adv) with intention; in an intentional manner, Syn. by choice, deliberately, advisedly, by design, purposely, on purpose, designedly, Ant. unintentionally, accidentally, Example:he used that word intentionally; I did this by choice
(n) the trade of planning the layout and furnishings of an architectural interior, Syn. interior design
(n) an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions, Syn. intent, intention, design, aim, Example:his intent was to provide a new translation; good intentions are not enough; it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs; he made no secret of his designs
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE) v.0.53 Collaborative International Dictionary (GCIDE)
v. i. To form a design or designs; to plan. [ 1913 Webster ]
Design for,
n. [ Cf. dessein, dessin. ]
The vast design and purpos&unr_; of the King. Tennyson. [ 1913 Webster ]
The leaders of that assembly who withstood the designs of a besotted woman. Hallam. [ 1913 Webster ]
A . . . settled design upon another man's life. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]
How little he could guess the secret designs of the court! Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]
Arts of design,
School of design,
Is he a prudent man . . . that lays designs only for a day, without any prospect to the remaining part of his life? Tillotson. [ 1913 Webster ]
I wish others the same intention, and greater successes. Sir W. Temple. [ 1913 Webster ]
It is the purpose that makes strong the vow. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]
v. t.
We shall see
Justice design the victor's chivalry. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]
Meet me to-morrow where the master
And this fraternity shall design. Beau. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]
Ask of politicians the end for which laws were originally designed. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]
He was designed to the study of the law. Dryden.
a. Capable of being designated or distinctly marked out; distinguishable. Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]
a. [ L. designatus, p. p. of designare. See Design, v. t. ] Designated; appointed; chosen. [ R. ] Sir G. Buck. [ 1913 Webster ]
v. t.
n. [ L. designatio: cf. F. désignation. ]
The usual designation of the days of the week. Whewell. [ 1913 Webster ]
Finite and infinite seem . . . to be attributed primarily, in their first designation, only to those things which have parts. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]
a. [ Cf. F. désignatif. ] Serving to designate or indicate; pointing out. [ 1913 Webster ]
n. [ L. ]
a. Serving to designate; designative; indicating. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]
adv. By design; purposely; intentionally; -- opposed to accidentally, ignorantly, or inadvertently. [ 1913 Webster ]
n.
a. Full of design; scheming. [ R. ] --
a. Intriguing; artful; scheming;
n. The act of making designs or sketches; the act of forming designs or plans. [ 1913 Webster ]
a. Without design. [ Obs. ] --
n.
For though that some mean artist's skill were shown
In mingling colors, or in placing light,
Yet still the fair designment was his own. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]
v. t. To plan beforehand; to intend previously. Cheyne. [ 1913 Webster ]
v. t. To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine. Mitford. [ 1913 Webster ]
a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign;
a. (Logic.) Having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate. [ 1913 Webster ]
a. Having no artful, ulterior, or fraudulent purpose; sincere; artless; simple. [ 1913 Webster ]
Chinese-English: CC-CEDICT Dictionary CC-CEDICT CN-EN Dictionary
Japanese-Thai-English: Saikam Dictionary Saikam JP-TH-EN Dictionary
指定
[してい, shitei] TH: ระบุ
指定
[してい, shitei] EN: designation (vs)
Japanese-English: EDICT Dictionary EDICT JP-EN Dictionary
[してい, shitei] (n, vs) designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at; (P) #415
[あや, aya] (n) (1) figure; design; (2) (綾 only) twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes #636
[きかく, kikaku] (n, vs) planning; project; plan; design; (P) #723
[dezain] (n, vs) design; (P) #853
[よう, you] (n-suf, n) (1) (uk) (See 様だ) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) appearing ...; looking ...; (2) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) way to ...; method of ...ing; (3) (usu. after a noun) form; style; design; (4) (usu. after a noun) like; similar to; (n) (5) thing (thought or spoken); (P) #945
[せっけい, sekkei] (n, vs) plan; design; layout; (P) #1013
[しじ, shiji] (n, vs) indication; instruction; designation; directions; (P) #2104
[よぶ, yobu] (v5b, vt) (1) to call out (to); to call; to invoke; (2) to summon (a doctor, etc.); (3) to invite; (4) to designate; to name; to brand; (5) to garner (support, etc.); to gather; (6) (arch) (See 娶る) to take as one's wife; (P) #2149
[いと, ito] (n, vs) intention; aim; design; (P) #2389
[しめい, shimei] (n, vs, adj-no) name; nominate; designate; (P) #2420
[こしょう, koshou] (n, vs) (1) naming; giving a name; designation; denomination; (adj-f) (2) nominal; (P) #2469
[もよう, moyou] (n) (1) pattern; figure; design; (2) state; condition; (3) conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; (4) model; pattern; example; (5) (after a noun) indicates that that noun seems likely (e.g. rain or storm); (P) #3073
[にんめい, ninmei] (n, vs, adj-no) appointment; nomination; ordination; commission; designation; (P) #3257
[dezaina-] (n) designer; (P) #4847
[はかる, hakaru] (v5r, vt) (1) to plot; to attempt; to plan; to devise; to design; (2) to take in; to deceive; (3) to aim for; to have something in mind; (4) to refer A to B; (P) #5518
[つか, tsuka] (n, n-suf) (1) pattern; design; (n) (2) body build; figure; physique; (n, n-suf) (3) essential qualities; character; nature; (n-suf) (4) appropriate to; fitting of; suitable for; (P) #6085
[ともえ, tomoe] (n) huge comma design; (P) #7502
[やぼう, yabou] (n) ambition; aspiration; designs; treachery; (P) #8982
[ないそう, naisou] (n, vs) interior design; interior; upholstery; (P) #11018
[いしょう, ishou] (n) design; (P) #11784
[ほうてい, houtei] (n, adj-no) legal; designated by law; (P) #12003
[りつあん, ritsuan] (n, vs) draft; draught; (rough) design; (P) #12798
[ずがら, zugara] (n) design; pattern; (P) #14999
[ずあん, zuan] (n, adj-no) a design; sketch #15477
[やしん, yashin] (n) ambition; aspiration; designs; treachery; (P) #16452
[えがら, egara] (n) pattern; design #17868
[えんちょう, enchou] (n) head of a place designated with the suffix -en (e.g. kindergarten principal, director of a zoo, etc.); (P) #19671
[キャド, kyado] (n) { comp } computer-aided design; CAD
[うずけいしき, uzukeishiki] (n) vortex design
[a-bandezaina-] (n) urban designer
[a-bandezain] (n) urban design
[ashimetorikkudezain] (n) asymmetric design
[ashinmetorikkudezain] (n) asymmetric design
[アスペクトしこう, asupekuto shikou] (n) aspect-oriented design
[アプリケーションせっけいプロセス, apurike-shon sekkei purosesu] (n) { comp } application design process
[indasutoriarudezaina-] (n) industrial designer
[indasutoriarudezain] (n) industrial design
[interiadezaina-] (n) interior designer
[interiadezain] (n) interior design
[interijientodezain] (n) intelligent design (theory that life or the universe must have been designed by an intelligent being)
[uebudezaina] (n) { comp } web designer
[uebudezain] (n) web design
[edeitoriarudezain] (n) editorial design
[enetopia] (n) (abbr) housing development designed with an eye toward energy conservation
[ofuta-toru] (n) knit top with a loose turtleneck or cowl neck design (wasei
[ki-bo-do no dezain] (n) { comp } keyboard design
[kueridezain] (n) { comp } query design
[kurafutodezain] (n) craft design
[guddodezain] (n) good design
[guddodezainma-ku] (n) good design mark
Japanese-English: COMPDICT Dictionary COMPDICT JP-EN Dictionary
[きゃど, kyado] computer-aided design (CAD)
[コンピューターえんようせっけい, konpyu-ta-enyousekkei] computer-aided design, CAD
[システムがいねんせっけい, shisutemu gainensekkei] conceptual system design
[システムせっけい, shisutemu sekkei] system design
[ディレクトリめいによるじゅしんしゃしてい, deirekutori meiniyorujushinshashitei] designation of recipient by directory name, MTPR
[でざいんせんたー, dezainsenta-] design center
[でざいんすんぽう, dezainsunpou] design size
[トップダウンせっけい, toppudaun sekkei] top-down design
[ドライブめい, doraibu mei] drive letter, drive letter designator
[プリンタしてい, purinta shitei] printer designation
[あんぜんせっけいようけん, anzensekkeiyouken] safety design requirement
[えがら, egara] pattern, design, picture
[きかいせっけい, kikaisekkei] mechanical design
[きのうせっけい, kinousekkei] functional design
[けいさんきせっけいげんごう, keisankisekkeigengou] CDL, Computer Design Language
[こうかいぶんしじシーケンス, koukaibunshiji shi-kensu] public text designating sequence
[しじ, shiji] designation (vs)
[しじし, shijishi] designator
[してい, shitei] designation (vs), appointment, phrase
[していし, shiteishi] descriptor, designator
[しょうさいせっけい, shousaisekkei] detailed design
[とくていし, tokuteishi] designator
[はいしんきげんしてい, haishinkigenshitei] latest delivery designation
[ろんりせっけい, ronrisekkei] logic design
[でざいなーにせん, dezaina-nisen] Designer2000
[ぱわーでざいなー, pawa-dezaina-] PowerDesigner
German-English: TU-Chemnitz DING Dictionary DING DE-EN Dictionary
Ankerbauart { f }
design type of anchor
Ankerkopfausbildung { f }
design of anchor head
Anlagenbezeichnung { f } | mehrstellige Anlagenbezeichung
system designation | multi-digit system designation
Arbeitsplatzgestaltung { f }
workplace design
Ausführungsplanung { f }
detailed design
Auslegungswerte { pl }
design data
Auslegungskriterien { pl }
design criteria
Auslegungswert { m }
design value
Bauart { f }
design
Bauartzulassung { f }
design approval
Bauentwurf { m }
structural design
Bauentwurfszeichnung { f }
design scheme
Bauplanung { f }
project planning; structural design
Bauprüfung { f }
design and construction test
Bemessungshochwasser { n }
design flood
Bemessungsniederschlag { m }
design depth of precipitation
Bezeichner { m }
designator
Bezeichnung { f }; Benennung { f }
designation; designating
Breitwandbauweise { f }
wide wall design
Bühnenbild { n }
stage design
Designer { m } | Designer { pl }
designer | designers
Designprüfung { f }
design review
Einschubtechnik { f }
withdrawable-unit design
Entwicklungsingenieur { m }
designing engineer
Entwurf { m }; Planung { f } | mechanischer Entwurf
design | mechanical design
Entwurfsplanung { f }
schemetic design (SD)
Erstellungshilfe für Anwendungen
application design tool
Fehlkonstruktion { f } | eine Fehlkonstruktion sein | ... ist eine Fehlkonstruktion.
bad design | to be badly designed | ... is badly designed.
Filterscheibe { f }
filter designator
Firmenbild { n }; Firmenerscheinungsbild { n }
corporate design
Funktionsbezeichnung { f }
action designator
Gebrauchsmuster { n }; Geschmacksmuster { n }
industrial design
Gebrauchsmuster { n }
registered pattern; registered design
Gesamtkonzept { n }; Gesamtkonzeption { f } | ökologisches Gesamtkonzept
overall plan (idea; design); master plan | ecological master plan
Gesamtplanung { f }
overall design
Grafiker { m }; Grafikerin { f }; Graphiker { m }; Graphikerin { f }
graphic designer; graphic artist
Identifizierung { f }; Ausweisung { f }
designation
Innenarchitektur { f }
interior design
Karosseriekonstruktion { f }
car body design
Karosseriekonstruktionstechnik { f }
car body design
Klemmenbezeichung { f }
terminal block designation
Klemmschelle { f } | einfache und sichere Konstruktion
cable clamp | simple and safe design
Kompaktbauweise { f }
compact design
Konstrukteur { m }
design engineer; draftsman; draughtsman [ Br. ]
Konstruktion { f }
design; construction
Konstruktionsfehler { m }
constructional fault; faulty design; constructional flaw
Konstruktionslehre { f }
(theory of) design
Konstruktionsprinzip { n }
design principle
Konstruktionswasserlinie { f }
design waterline (DWL); boot top
Kontaktbezeichnung { f }
contact designation
เพิ่มคำศัพท์
ทราบความหมายของคำศัพท์นี้? กด [เพิ่มคำศัพท์] เพื่อใส่คำนี้พร้อมความหมาย เพื่อเป็นวิทยาทานแก่ผู้ใช้ท่านอื่น ๆ
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