[燕, Yānㄧㄢ] Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning; north Hebei; the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely Former Yan 前燕 (337-370), Later Yan 後燕|后燕 (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕 (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕 (409-436); surname Yan, See Also: 前燕, 後燕, 后燕, 南燕, 北燕#4554
[皇太极 / 皇太極, Huáng tài jíㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ] Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor; posthumous name 清太宗, See Also: 努爾哈赤, 努尔哈赤, 後金, 后金, 大清, 清太宗#30017
[魏征 / 魏徵, Wèi Zhēngㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄥ] Wei Zheng (580-643), Tang politician and historian, notorious as a critic, editor of History of the Sui Dynasty 隋書|隋书, See Also: 隋書, 隋书#48569
[范仲淹 / 範仲淹, Fàn Zhòng yānㄈㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄢ] Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), minister of Northern Song, led failed reform of 1043; also writer and author of On Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓記|岳阳楼记, See Also: 岳陽樓記, 岳阳楼记#51749
[林森, Lín Sēnㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙㄣ] Lin Sen (1868-1943), revolutionary politician, colleague of Sun Yat-sen, chairman of the Chinese nationalist government (1928-1932)#60471
[百家姓, Bǎi jiā xìngㄅㄞˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄒㄧㄥˋ] The Book of Family Names, anonymous Song dynasty reading primer listing 438 surnames, with four syllables to each phrase#61780
[周武王, Zhōu Wǔ wángㄓㄡ ㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ] King Wu of Zhou (-1043), personal name Ji Fa 姬發|姬发, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC, See Also: 姬發, 姬发#78292
[中山成彬, Zhōng shān Chéng bīnㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ ㄔㄥˊ ㄅㄧㄣ] NAKAYAMA Nariaki (1943-), right-wing Japanese cabinet minister and prominent denier of Japanese war crimes#109097
[斯坦因, Sī tǎn yīnㄙ ㄊㄢˇ ㄧㄣ] Stein (name); Marc Aurel Stein (1862-1943), British adventurer and archeologist who explorer Xinjiang in early 20th century#114964
[贞德 / 貞德, Zhēn déㄓㄣ ㄉㄜˊ] Jeanne d'Arc (1412-1431), French heroine and liberator, executed as a witch by the Burgundians and English; also called Jehanne Darc, the Maid or Orleans, Joan of Arc or St Joan#115595
[西塞罗 / 西塞羅, Xī sāi luóㄒㄧ ㄙㄞ ㄌㄨㄛˊ] Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), famous Roman politician, orator and philosopher, murdered at the orders of Marc Anthony#133297
[清太宗, Qīng tài zōngㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄞˋ ㄗㄨㄥ] posthumous title of Hung Taiji 皇太極|皇太极 (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor, See Also: 皇太極, 皇太极, 努爾哈赤, 努尔哈赤, 後金, 后金, 大清#141317
[五凉, Wǔ Liángㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ] the five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely Former Liang 前涼 (314-376), Later Liang 後涼 (386-403), Northern Liang 北涼 (398-439), Southern Liang 南涼 (397-414), Western Liang 西涼 (400-421), See Also: 前涼, 後涼, 北涼, 南涼, 西涼
[十六国 / 十六國, shí liù guóㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ] Sixteen Kingdoms of five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439); also written 五胡十六國|五胡十六国, See Also: 五胡十六國, 五胡十六国
[十六国春秋 / 十六國春秋, Shí liù guó Chūn qiūㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ] history of the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 by Cui Hong 崔鴻|崔鸿, written towards the end of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏, 100 scrolls, See Also: 崔鴻, 崔鸿, 北魏
[周武王姬发 / 周武王姬發, Zhōu Wǔ wáng Jī Fāㄓㄡ ㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧ ㄈㄚ] King Wu of Zhou, personal name Ji Fa, reigned 1046-1043 BC as first king of Western Zhou dynasty 1046-1043 BC
[廉颇 / 廉頗, Lián Pōㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄆㄛ] Lian Po (327-243 BC), famous general of Zhao 趙國|赵国, repeatedly victorious over Qin 秦國|秦国 and Qi 齊國|齐国, See Also: 趙國, 赵国, 秦國, 秦国, 齊國, 齐国
[琅威理, Láng Wēi lǐㄌㄤˊ ㄨㄟ ㄌㄧˇ] Captain William M Lang (1843-), British adviser to the Qing north China navy 北洋水師|北洋水师 during the 1880s, See Also: 北洋水師, 北洋水师
[皇太极清太宗 / 皇太極清太宗, Huáng tài jí Qīng tài zōngㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄊㄞˋ ㄗㄨㄥ] Hung Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤, reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金, then founded the Qing dynasty 大清 and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor, See Also: 努爾哈赤, 努尔哈赤, 後金, 后金, 大清
[耶律大石, Yē lǜ Dà shíㄧㄝ ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ] Yollig Taxin or Yelü Dashi (1087-1143), Chinese-educated Khitan leader, founder of Western Liao 西遼|西辽 in Central Asia, See Also: 西遼, 西辽
[圣女贞德 / 聖女貞德, Shèng nǚ Zhēn déㄕㄥˋ ㄋㄩˇ ㄓㄣ ㄉㄜˊ] Jeanne d'Arc (1412-1431), French heroine and liberator, executed as a witch by the Burgundians and English; also called Jehanne Darc, the Maid or Orleans, Joan of Arc or St Joan
[额菲尔士 / 額菲爾士, É fēi ěr shìㄜˊ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄕˋ] Everest (name); Colonel Sir George Everest (1790-1866), British Surveyor-General of India 1830-1843; transliteration refers to Mt Everest 珠穆朗瑪峰|珠穆朗玛峰, Mt Chomolungma or Qomolangma (Tibetan); Nepalese: Sagarmatha, See Also: 珠穆朗瑪峰, 珠穆朗玛峰
[ひのえうま;へいご, hinoeuma ; heigo] (n) 43rd year of the sexagenary cycle (year of the Fire Horse, renowned for disasters and the birth of women destined to kill their husbands)