[じょう, jou] (n, adj-no, n-adv, n-suf) (1) above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter); (2) top; summit; (3) surface; on; (4) before; previous; (5) superiority; one's superior (i.e. one's elder); (6) on top of that; besides; what's more; (7) upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after); (8) matters concerning...; as concerns ...; (9) (as ...上は) since (i.e. "for that reason"); (n-suf) (10) (hon) (See 父上) suffix indicating higher social standing; (11) (arch) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne); (12) (arch) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo; (13) (arch) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman); (P) #111
[ち, chi] (n) (1) (abbr) ground; land; earth; soil; (2) the region in question; the local area; (3) skin; (4) texture; fabric; material; weave; (5) base; background; (6) one's true nature; (7) narrative (i.e. descriptive part of a story); (8) real life; actuality; (9) (in the game of go) captured territory; (10) (See 地謡) noh chorus; (11) (in Japanese dance) accompaniment music; (12) (in Japanese music) basic phrase (usu. repetitive); (13) base part (of multiple shamisens) #208
[めい, mei] (n) Ming (dynasty of China, 1368-1644) #1177
[つくる, tsukuru] (v5r, vt) (1) (造る usu. for large-scale building, manufacturing, etc. 創る usu. for creating) to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct; (2) to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); (3) (See 野菜を作る) to raise; to grow; to cultivate; to train; (4) to till; (5) to draw up (a document); to make out; to prepare; to write; (6) to create (an artistic work, etc.); to compose; (7) to coin (a phrase); to organize; to organise; to establish; to found; (8) to have (a child); (9) to make up (one's face, etc.); (10) to fabricate (an excuse, etc.); (11) to form (a line, etc.); (12) to set (a record); (13) to commit (a sin, etc.); (P) #1759
[たま, tama] (n) (1) ball; sphere; globe; orb; (2) bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; droplet; (3) (esp. 球) ball (in sports); (4) pile (of noodles, etc.); (5) (esp. 弾; also written as 弾丸) bullet; (6) (esp. 球) bulb (i.e. a light bulb); (7) lens (of glasses, etc.); (8) (esp. 玉, 珠) bead (of an abacus); (9) (sl) (abbr) (esp. 玉) (See 金玉・きんたま) ball (i.e. a testicle); (10) (esp. 玉, 珠; also written as 璧) gem; jewel (esp. spherical; sometimes used figuratively); pearl; (11) female entertainer (e.g. a geisha); (12) (derog) person (when commenting on their nature); character; (13) item, funds or person used as part of a plot; (n, n-suf) (14) (See 玉子・2) egg; (n-suf) (15) (usu. だま) coin; (16) precious; beautiful; excellent; (P) #2007
[すじ, suji] (n) (1) muscle; tendon; sinew; (2) vein; artery; (3) fiber; fibre; string; (4) line; stripe; streak; (5) (See 筋が通る) reason; logic; (6) plot; storyline; (7) lineage; descent; (8) school (e.g. of scholarship or arts); (9) aptitude; talent; (10) source (of information, etc.); circle; channel; (11) well-informed person (in a transaction); (12) logical move (in go, shogi, etc.); (13) ninth vertical line (shogi); (14) seam on a helmet; (15) (abbr) (See 筋蒲鉾) gristly fish paste (made of muscle, tendons, skin, etc.); (16) (arch) social position; status; (n-suf, n, adj-no) (17) on (a river, road, etc.); along; (suf, ctr) (18) counter for long thin things; (19) (arch) (Edo period) counter for hundreds of mon (obsolete unit of currency); (P) #3255
[こと(P);そう(箏;筝), koto (P); sou ( houki ; houki )] (n) (1) koto (13-stringed Japanese zither); (2) (こと only) (arch) stringed instrument; (3) (箏, 筝 only) zheng (Chinese zither); guzheng; (P) #4753
[むろまち, muromachi] (n) Muromachi (era 1392-1573, or 1333-1573, or 1336-1573); (P) #4859
[とおる, tooru] (v5r, vi) (1) to go by; to go past; to go along; to travel along; to pass through; to use (a road); to take (a route); to go via; to go by way of; (2) (of public transport) to run (between); to operate (between); to connect; (3) to go indoors; to go into a room; to be admitted; to be shown in; to be ushered in; to come in; (4) to penetrate; to pierce; to skewer; to go through; to come through; (5) to permeate; to soak into; to spread throughout; (6) to carry (e.g. of a voice); to reach far; (7) to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen); to be relayed; to be conveyed; (8) to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.); to be approved; to be accepted; (9) to go by (a name); to be known as; to be accepted as; to have a reputation for; (10) to be coherent; to be logical; to be reasonable; to be comprehensible; to be understandable; to make sense; (11) to get across (e.g. of one's point); to be understood; (12) to be straight (e.g. wood grain); (13) (arch) to be well-informed; to be wise; (suf, v5r) (14) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to do ... completely; to do ... thoroughly; (P) #5779
[けいちょう, keichou] (n) Keichou era (1596.10.27-1615.7.13) #5897
[あげる, ageru] (v1, vt) (1) (See 手を挙げる・1) to raise; to elevate; (2) (See 髪を上げる) to do up (one's hair); (3) to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.); (4) to land (a boat); (5) (揚げる only) to deep-fry; (6) to show someone (into a room); (7) (揚げる only) (uk) to summon (for geishas, etc.); (8) to send someone (away); (9) to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll); (10) to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); (11) (See 声を上げる) to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice); (12) to earn (something desirable); (13) to praise; (14) (usu. 挙げる) to give (an example, etc.); to cite; (15) (usu. 挙げる) to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.); (16) (挙げる only) to arrest; (17) (挙げる only) to nominate; (18) (pol) to give; (19) to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.); (20) to bear (a child); (21) (usu. 挙げる) to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding); (v1, vi) (22) (of the tide) to come in; (v1, vi, vt) (23) to vomit; (aux-v) (24) (uk) (pol) (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else); (25) (See 作り上げる) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to complete; (26) (hum) (See 申し上げる・2) used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility; (P) #5990
[えいきゅう(永久)(P);とこしえ(永久);とわ, eikyuu ( eikyuu )(P); tokoshie ( eikyuu ); towa] (adj-na, n, adj-no) (1) (とわ tends to be more abstract) eternity; perpetuity; immortality; (2) (えいきゅう only) Eikyuu era (1113.7.13-1118.4.3); (P) #6762
[げんろく, genroku] (n) Genroku era (1688.9.30-1704.3.13); (P) #7082
[ちあん, chian] (n) Jian era (1021.2.2-1024.7.13) #7414
[づく, duku] (v5k, vi) (1) to be attached; to be connected with; to adhere; to stick; to cling; (2) to remain imprinted; to scar; to stain; to dye; (3) to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); (4) to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.); (5) to take root; (6) to accompany; to attend; to follow; to study with; (7) to side with; to belong to; (8) (See 憑く) to possess; to haunt; (9) (See 点く) to be lit; to be lighted; (10) to be settled; to be resolved; to be decided; (11) to be given (of a name, price, etc.); (12) to be sensed; to be perceived; (13) (from 運がつく) to be lucky; (suf, v5k) (14) (See 付く・づく) (after -masu stems, onomatopoeic and mimetic words) to become (a state, condition, etc.) #7839
[あがる, agaru] (v5r, vi) (1) to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised; (2) to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in; (3) to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; (4) to get out (of water); to come ashore; (5) (also written as 騰る in ref. to price) to increase; (6) to improve; to make progress; (7) to be promoted; to advance; (8) to be made (of profit, etc.); (9) to occur (esp. of a favourable result); (10) (often as 〜で上がる) to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.); (11) to be finished; to be done; to be over; (12) (of rain) to stop; to lift; (13) to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die; (14) to win (in a card game, etc.); (15) (挙がる only) to be arrested; (16) (挙がる only) to turn up (of evidence, etc.); (17) (揚がる only) to be deep fried; (18) to be spoken loudly; (19) to get stage fright; (20) to be offered (to the gods, etc.); (21) (hum) to go; to visit; (22) (hon) to eat; to drink; (23) (esp. 挙がる) to be listed (as a candidate); (24) to serve (in one's master's home); (25) (in Kyoto) to go north; (suf, v5r) (26) (See 出来上がる・1) (after the -masu stem of a verb) indicates completion; (P) #7851
[こうらい(高麗)(P);こま, kourai ( kourai )(P); koma] (n) (1) (こうらい only) (abbr) Goryeo (dynasty of Korea; 918-1392 CE); (n, n-pref) (2) Korea (esp. the Goguryeo kingdom or the Goryeo dynasty); (n) (3) (狛 only) (See 狛犬) (stone) guardian lion-dogs at Shinto shrine; (P) #8318
[ひく, hiku] (v5k, vi, vt) (1) to pull; (2) (See 注意を引く) to draw (attention, etc.); to attract (interest, etc.); (3) to draw back; (4) to draw (a card); (5) (See 図面を引く) to draw (plan, line, etc.); (6) (See 風邪を引く) to catch (cold); (7) (See 弾く・ひく) to play (string instr.); (8) (See 辞書を引く) to look up (e.g. dictionary); to consult; (v5k, vt) (9) (esp. 牽く) to haul; to pull (vehicles); (10) to subtract; (11) to ebb; to fade; (12) to descend (from); to inherit (a characteristic); (13) to quote; to raise (as evidence); (14) to lay (a cable); to draw (a cable); (P) #8582
[ぶんちゅう, bunchuu] (exp) (1) in the document; (n) (2) Bunchuu era (of the Southern Court) (1372.4.?-1375.5.27); (P) #8723
[げんわ, genwa] (n) Genna era (1615.7.13-1624.2.30) #9125
[げんわ, genwa] (n) (obsc) Genwa era, Genna era (1615.7.13-1624.2.30) #9125
[きる, kiru] (suf, v5r, vt) (1) (See 噛み切る) to cut (usu. to cut through); (2) (See 縁を切る) to sever (connections, ties); (3) to turn off (i.e. the light); (4) (See 電話を切る) to terminate (i.e. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to disconnect; (5) to punch (a ticket); to tear off (a stub); (6) to open (something sealed); (7) to start; (8) to set (a limit); (9) (See 値切る) to reduce; to decrease; to discount; (10) to shake off (water, etc.); to let drip-dry (or drain); (11) to cross; (12) to do (something noticeable); (13) to turn (a vehicle); (14) to cut (the ball); (15) to shuffle (cards); (16) (See 切り札) to trump; (17) (in Go) to isolate (an opponent's stone); (suf, v5r) (18) (See 疲れきる) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to finish; to complete; (P) #11194
[おちる, ochiru] (v1, vi) (1) to fall down; to drop; to fall (e.g. rain); to sink (e.g. sun or moon); to fall onto (e.g. light or one's gaze); to be used in a certain place (e.g. money); (2) to be omitted; to be missing; (3) to decrease; to sink; (4) to fail (e.g. exam or class); to lose (contest, election, etc.); (5) to crash; to degenerate; to degrade; to fall behind; (6) to become indecent (of a conversation); (7) to be ruined; to go under; (8) (See 狐が落ちる・きつねがおちる) to fade; to come out (e.g. a stain); to come off (e.g. makeup); to be removed (e.g. illness, possessing spirit, name on a list); (9) to fall (into someone's hands); to become someone's possession; (10) to fall (into a trap); to fall (for a trick); (11) to give in; to give up; to confess; to flee; (12) to fall; to be defeated; to surrender; (13) to come to (in the end); to end in; (14) (See 恋に落ちる・こいにおちる, 眠りに落ちる・ねむりにおちる) to fall (in love, asleep, etc.); (15) to swoon (judo); (16) (See 腑に落ちない・ふにおちない) to consent; to understand; (17) { comp } to crash; to freeze; (18) (of animals) to die; (19) (of fish when it gets cold) to move to the depths; (P) #11304
[しょうわ, shouwa] (n) Shouwa era (1312.3.20-1317.2.3) #11471
[ぶつ, butsu] (v5t, vt) (1) (also written as 拍つ, 搏つ, 撲つ, 擣つ) to hit; to strike; to knock; to beat; to punch; to slap; to tap; to bang; to clap; to pound; (2) to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (a drum, etc.); (3) to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); (4) to move; to impress; to touch; (5) to drive in; to hammer in; to put in; to inject; (6) to type; to send; to transmit; (7) to insert; to write in; to mark; (8) to make (noodles, etc.); to prepare; (9) to till (soil); (10) to sprinkle; to throw; to cast; (11) to do; to carry out; to play; to perform; to engage in (gambling, etc.); (12) to pay (a deposit, etc.); (13) to visit (on a pilgrimage); (14) to line (a coat); (15) to bind (a criminal); (P) #11867
[しょうじ, shouji] (n) Shouji era (1199.4.27-1201.2.13) #12077
[ほうえい, houei] (n) Houei era (1704.3.13-1711.4.25) #14118
[しょうへい, shouhei] (n) Shouhei era (of the Southern Court) (1346.12.8-1370.7.24) #14365
[かみかぜ(P);しんぷう;かむかぜ, kamikaze (P); shinpuu ; kamukaze] (n) (1) divine wind (esp. a typhoon thought to have protected Japan from a Mongolian invasion in the 13th century); (2) (かみかぜ only) kamikaze; (P) #14908
[かかる, kakaru] (v5r, vi) (1) (See 時間がかかる) to take; (v5r) (2) to hang; (3) (See お目にかかる) to come into view; to arrive; (4) to come under (a contract, a tax); (5) to start (engines, motors); (6) to attend; to deal with; to handle; (v5r, aux-v) (7) to have started to; to be on the verge of; (8) to overlap (e.g. information in a manual); to cover; (9) to (come) at; (10) (See 鍵がかかる) to be fastened; (11) to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.); (12) (See 罠にかかる) to be caught in; (13) (See 電話が掛かる) to get a call; (14) to depend on; (P) #14931
[ていじ, teiji] (n) Jouji era (of the Northern Court) (1362.9.23-1368.2.18) #16444
[ていじ, teiji] (n) (obsc) Teiji era, Jouji era (of the Northern Court) (1362.9.23-1368.2.18) #16444
[めいとく, meitoku] (n) (1) virtue; (2) Meitoku era (of the Northern Court) (1390.3.26-1392.10.5); Meitoku era (of reunified Japan) (1392.10.5-1394.7.5) #16770
[かける, kakeru] (v1, vt) (1) (See 壁にかける) to hang (e.g. picture); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag); (2) (See 腰を掛ける) to sit; (aux-v, v1) (3) to be partway (verb); to begin (but not complete); (4) (See 時間を掛ける) to take (time, money); to expend (money, time, etc.); (5) (See 電話を掛ける) to make (a call); (6) to multiply; (7) (See 鍵を掛ける) to secure (e.g. lock); (8) (See 眼鏡を掛ける) to put on (glasses, etc.); (9) to cover; (10) (See 迷惑を掛ける) to burden someone; (11) (See 保険を掛ける) to apply (insurance); (12) to turn on (an engine, etc.); to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.); (13) to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on; (14) to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.); (15) (also 繋ける) to bind; (16) (See 塩をかける) to pour (or sprinkle, spray, etc.) onto; (17) (See 裁判に掛ける) to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.); (18) to increase further; (19) to catch (in a trap, etc.); (20) to set atop; (21) to erect (a makeshift building); (22) to hold (a play, festival, etc.); (aux-v) (23) (See 話し掛ける) (after -masu stem of verb) indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone); (P) #18130
[おえしき, oeshiki] (n) (See 会式・えしき・2) (Nichiren Buddhism) memorial service for Nichiren (13th day of 10th month)
[すすはらい, susuharai] (n) (1) cleaning dust etc. from rooms; housecleaning; (2) (See 煤掃き) (the traditional Japanese end-of-the-year, 13th December) big house cleaning; spring cleaning (only not in spring)
[セシウムひゃくさんじゅうしち, seshiumu hyakusanjuushichi] (n) cesium 137 (Cs-137); caesium 137
[トゥグルクちょう(トゥグルク朝);ツグルクちょう(ツグルク朝), touguruku chou ( touguruku asa ); tsuguruku chou ( tsuguruku asa )] (n) Tughluq Dynasty (of India, 1320-1413 CE)
[ハルジーちょう, haruji-chou] (n) Khalji Dynasty (of India, 1290-1320 CE); Khilji Dynasty
[バルカンせんそう, barukan sensou] (n) Balkan Wars (1912, 1913)
[ヨウそひゃくさんじゅういち(ヨウ素131);ようそひゃくさんじゅういち(沃素一三一), you sohyakusanjuuichi ( you moto 131 ); yousohyakusanjuuichi ( yoku moto kazumi ich] (n) iodine-131
[rekurie-shonarudaibingu] (n) recreational diving; no decompression stop diving; diving at depths which do not exceed 40 meters or 130 feet
[ヴィジャヤナガルちょう, vijayanagaru chou] (n) Vijayanagar Dynasty (of India, 1336-1649 CE)
[あんな;あんわ, anna ; anwa] (n) (obsc) Anna or Anwa era (968.8.13-970.3.25)
[する, suru] (vs-i) (1) (uk) to do; (2) to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); (3) to serve as; to act as; to work as; (4) to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); (5) (as 〜にする, 〜とする) to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; (6) to decide on; to choose; (vs-i, vi) (7) (as 〜がする) to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); (8) to be (in a state, condition, etc.); (9) to be worth; to cost; (10) to pass (of time); to elapse; (suf, vs-i) (11) verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); (aux-v, vs-i) (12) (See お願いします, 御・お) creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); (13) (as 〜うとする, 〜ようとする) (See とする・1) to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to; (P)
[えいとく, eitoku] (n) Eitoku era (of the Northern Court) (1381.2.24-1384.2.27)
[えいわ, eiwa] (n) Eiwa era (of the Northern Court) (1375.2.27-1379.3.22)
[えんきゅう, enkyuu] (n) Enkyuu era (1069.4.13-1074.8.23)
[えんぎょう;えんけい, engyou ; enkei] (n) Engyou era (1308.10.9-1311.4.28); Enkei era
[えんげん, engen] (n) Engen era (of the Southern Court) (1336.2.29-1340.4.28)