การพยากรณ์ย้อนหลัง หรือวิธีการฉายภาพย้อนหลัง (retrojection), Example:เป็นการพยากรณ์กลับไปในอดีต ใช้ทั้งด้านเศรษฐกิจและสังคม มักมีความแม่นยำกว่าการพยากรณ์อนาคตเพราะสามารถทดสอบกับข้อมูลจริงได้ [สิ่งแวดล้อม]

Arm Circling, Backward

เหวี่ยงแขนเป็นวงกลมไปข้างหลัง [การแพทย์]

Backward

ด้านหลัง [การแพทย์]

Backward Burpee

ย่อนั่งพุ่งเท้าไปข้างหน้า [การแพทย์]

Backward Displacement

ลูกตาเคลื่อนกลับ [การแพทย์]

Backward Failure

หัวใจวายแบบแบคเวิด [การแพทย์]

Backwardness

ชักแม่น้ำทั้ง5 [การแพทย์]

Elevation, Backward

ยกแขนเหยียดตรงไปข้างหลัง [การแพทย์]

Elevation, Forward Backward

ยกแขนเหยียดตรงไปข้างหน้าและไปข้างหลัง [การแพทย์]

English-Thai: Longdo Dictionary (UNAPPROVED version -- use with care ) Longdo Unapproved EN-TH **ระวัง คำแปลอาจมีข้อผิดพลาด**

ben over backward

(vi, phrase) พยายามอย่างมาก

bend over backwards

(phrase) พยายามอย่างมากเพื่อที่จะทำให้คนอื่นพอใจ

Thai-English: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates] NECTEC Lexitron-2 Dictionary (TH-EN)

กลอกกลิ้ง

(v) roll to and fro, See Also: go forwards and backwards, move back and forth, Example:ตั้งแต่วันนั้นมาเขามักมีเสียงหัวเราะเลื่อนลอย ดวงตากลอกกลิ้งและหวาดระแวง, Thai Definition:เคลื่อนไหวกลับไปกลับมา

เดินหน

(n) name of a kind of headdress, See Also: crown with papal-shaped tip bent backwards, Syn. ชฎาเดินหน, Example:เขาสวมชฎาเดินหน, Thai Definition:ชื่อชฎาชนิดหนึ่ง เรียกว่า ชฎาเดินหน

ต่องแต่ง

(adv) to and fro, See Also: backwards and forwards, Syn. กระต่องกระแต่ง, Example:นกกะปูดถูกยิงมันจึงบินต่องแต่งเหนือพื้นดินไม่ถึงสิบเมตร, Thai Definition:อย่างเหมือนอาการที่ห้อยแกว่งไปมา

ถด

(v) move backwards, See Also: budge, stir, retreat, withdraw, inch, Syn. ถอย, กระถด, Example:พอพวกเขาเขยิบเข้าไปใกล้ หนูน้อยก็ถดหนี, Thai Definition:เลื่อนไปเล็กน้อย

ถอยกลับ

(v) retreat, See Also: backward, move back, withdraw, recede, Syn. ล่ากลับ, Ant. เดินหน้า, Example:ความสามารถข้อนี้จะทำให้เราถอยกลับ เพื่อดูข้อมูลที่ไหลเลื่อนผ่านจอภาพไปแล้วได้, Thai Definition:เคลื่อนไปข้างหลัง

ถอยหลัง

(v) go backwards, See Also: move back, step back, Syn. ถอย, Example:การพัดโบกของครีบทวารจะทำให้ปลาว่ายไปข้างหน้าหรือถอยหลังได้, Thai Definition:เคลื่อนไปข้างหลัง

ถอยหลังเข้าคลอง

(v) be retrogressive, See Also: move backwards, be decadent, turn back the wheel of, Syn. ตกต่ำ, หวนกลับ, เสื่อมลง, Example:หากเรายังไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรมเหล่านี้ก็จะทำให้ประเทศถอยหลังเข้าคลอง, Thai Definition:หวนกลับไปหาแบบเดิม

ท้าย

(n) rear, See Also: backward, end, Syn. หาง, ชาย, ปลาย, ด้านหลัง, ตอนหลัง, Ant. หัว, ต้น, ด้านหน้า, Example:รูปร่างของเขาเล็กและเตี้ย จึงต้องอยู่ท้ายแถวเป็นประจำ

ควง

(v) swing, See Also: sway, move, backward and forward, Syn. หมุน, แกว่ง, Example:มือกลองควงไม้ตีกลองอย่างชำนาญ, Thai Definition:แกว่งหรือทำให้หมุนเป็นวง

ความล้าหลัง

(n) backwardness, See Also: behindhand, underdevelopment, Ant. ความทันสมัย, ความก้าวหน้า, Example:ประเทศกัมพูชากำลังก้าวให้หลุดพ้นจากความล้าหลัง

เพิงหมาแหงน

(n) shed/shack with the roof sloping backwards and without supporting poles, Example:กระท่อมที่หล่อนอยู่กับยายสร้างแบบเพิงหมาแหงน โดยไม่มีฝากั้นเหมือนกระต๊อบตามท้องนา, Unit:เพิง, หลัง

เพิงหมาแหงน

Thai-English-French: Volubilis Dictionary 1.0 Volubilis Dictionary (TH-EN-FR)

บูรณาการย้อนกลับ(ทางเศรษฐกิจ)

[būranā kān yønklap (thāng sētthakit)] (n, exp) EN: backward integration

ความล้าหลัง

[khwām lālang] (n) EN: backwardness

ถอยหลัง

[thøilang] (v) EN: go backwards ; back ; go into reverse ; make sternway ; back up ; regress FR: faire marche arrière ; reculer ; rétrograder ; aller en arrière ; aller à reculons

ถอยหน้าถอยหลัง

[thøinā-thøilang] (v) EN: move backwards and forwards

ถด

[thot] (v) EN: move backwards ; budge ; stir; retreat ; withdraw ; shrink back FR: reculer

ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus

backwar

He bent over backward to please his wife.

backwar

He fell backward.

backwar

He is backward in science.

backwar

He looked backward over his shoulder.

backwar

In tennis and ping-pong backhand the hand is turned backwards in making the stroke.

backwar

It is important to maintain backward compatibility with software that was written to run on the former system.

backwar

(Rev. Martin Luther) King fell backwards, shot in the neck.

backwar

Say the alphabet backward.

backwar

She is backward in expressing her opinion.

backwar

Social conditions are going backward rather than forward.

backwar

Spring is backward this year.

backwar

The actress fell backward over the stage.

backwar

The dog walked backward.

backwar

You've got your priorities backwards.

CMU English Pronouncing Dictionary Dictionary [with local updates] CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

backward

/B AE1 K W ER0 D/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ/

backwards

/B AE1 K W ER0 D Z/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ สึ/

backwardness

/B AE1 K W ER0 D N AH0 S/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ เหนอะ สึ/

backwardation

/B AE2 K W ER0 D EY1 SH AH0 N/ /แบ เขว่อ (ร) เด๊ เฉิ่น/

Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (pronunciation guide only) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary

backward

(adj, adv) /bˈækwəd/ /แบ๊ เขวอะ ดึ/ /b a1 k w @ d/

backwards

(adj, adv) /bˈækwədz/ /แบ๊ เขวอะ ดึ สึ/ /b a1 k w @ d z/

WordNet (3.0) WordNet (3.0)

backward

(adj) directed or facing toward the back or rear, Ant. forward, Example:a backward view

backward

(adj) (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature, Ant. forward, Example:a backward lover

backward

(adj) retarded in intellectual development, Syn. half-witted, slow-witted, feebleminded

backward

(adj) having made less than normal progress, Example:an economically backward country

backward

(adv) in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal, Syn. backwards, Example:it's easy to get the `i' and the `e' backward in words like `seize' and `siege'; the child put her jersey on backward

fall over backwards

(v) try very hard to please someone, Syn. bend over backwards, Example:She falls over backwards when she sees her mother-in-law

back

(adv) at or to or toward the back or rear, Syn. backward, rearward, rearwards, backwards, Ant. forward, Example:he moved back; tripped when he stepped backward; she looked rearward out the window of the car

back

(adv) in or to or toward a past time, Syn. backward, Ant. ahead, forward, Example:set the clocks back an hour; never look back; lovers of the past looking fondly backward

back and forth

(adv) moving from one place to another and back again, Syn. to and fro, backward and forward, Example:he traveled back and forth between Los Angeles and New York; the treetops whipped to and fro in a frightening manner; the old man just sat on the porch and rocked back and forth all day

look back

(v) look towards one's back, Syn. look backward, Example:don't look back while you walk

regress

(n) the reasoning involved when you assume the conclusion is true and reason backward to the evidence, Syn. reasoning backward

retardation

(n) lack of normal development of intellectual capacities, Syn. subnormality, mental retardation, backwardness, slowness

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE) v.0.53 Collaborative International Dictionary (GCIDE)

Backward

a. 1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath. [ 1913 Webster ]

For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child. “The backward learner.” South. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Already past or gone; bygone. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backward

n. The state behind or past. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backward

v. t. To keep back; to hinder. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwardation

n. [ Backward, v. t. + -ation. ] (Stock Exchange) The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See Contango. Biddle. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwardly

adv. 1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [ Obs. ] Sir P. Sidney. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Perversely; ill. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And does he think so backwardly of me? Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

backwardness

n. The state of being backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwards

{ } adv. [ Back, adv. + -ward. ] 1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. On the back, or with the back downward. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thou wilt fall backward. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago. [ 1913 Webster ]

Some reigns backward. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin. [ 1913 Webster ]

The work went backward. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; as, to read backwards. [ 1913 Webster ]

We might have . . . beat them backward home. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Chinese-English: CC-CEDICT Dictionary CC-CEDICT CN-EN Dictionary

落后

[落后 / 落後, luò hòu] to fall behind; to lag (in technology etc); backward; to retrogress #2666

逆

[逆, nì] contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel #6482

倒数

[倒数 / 倒數, dào shǔ] to count backwards (from 10 down to 0); to count down; from the bottom (lines on a page); from the back (rows of seats) #7964

下游

[下游 / 下遊, xià yóu] lower reaches; backward position #8350

向后

[向后 / 向後, xiàng hòu] backward #10061

倒车

[倒车 / 倒車, dào chē] to reverse (a vehicle); to drive backwards #20488

逆向

[逆向, nì xiàng] backwards; reverse direction #20986

倒背如流

[倒背如流, dào bèi rú liú] to know by heart (so well that you can recite it backwards) #69545

开倒车

[开倒车 / 開倒車, kāi dào chē] to drive in reverse; fig. to take a backward step; retrogressive; trying to turn the clock back #85734

来回来去地

[来回来去地 / 來回來去地, lái huí lái qù de] backwards and forwards

倒开

[倒开 / 倒開, dào kāi] to reverse a vehicle; to drive backwards

后翻筋斗

[后翻筋斗, hòu fān jīn dòu] backward somersault

向后翻腾

[向后翻腾 / 向後翻騰, xiàng hòu fān téng] backward somersault

后掩蔽

[后掩蔽 / 後掩蔽, hòu yǎn bì] backward masking

愚陋

[愚陋, yú lòu] ignorant and backward

朝后

[朝后 / 朝後, cháo hòu] backwards; facing back

逆向拥塞通知

[逆向拥塞通知 / 逆向擁塞通知, nì xiàng yōng sāi tōng zhī] Backward Explicit Congestion Notification; BECN

Japanese-English: EDICT Dictionary EDICT JP-EN Dictionary

バック

[bakku] (n) (1) back; (vs) (2) to go backwards; to reverse; (3) to refund a customer; (P) #2456

後進

[こうしん, koushin] (n) (1) one's junior; next generation; (n, vs) (2) reversing; going astern; going backwards; (P) #17505

ダフ屋

[ダフや, dafu ya] (n) (ticket) scalper ("dafu" is "fuda" backwards)

バク転;バック転

[バクてん(バク転);バックてん(バック転), baku ten ( baku ten ); bakku ten ( bakku ten )] (n, vs) (See 後転跳び) backward somersault; back handspring; backflip

バックワード回復

[バックワードかいふく, bakkuwa-do kaifuku] (n) { comp } backward recovery

悪平等

[あくびょうどう, akubyoudou] (adj-na, n) misguided equality; misconceived equality; leaning over backwards to be impartial

一歩下がる

[いっぽさがる, ipposagaru] (v5r) to take a step backward

一歩退く

[いっぽひく, ippohiku] (v5k) to take a step backward; to retreat a step

押し競

[おしくら, oshikura] (n) (abbr) (See 押し競べ) children's game in which (at least three) people stand back to back to each other and shove vigorously backwards

押し競べ

[おしくらべ, oshikurabe] (n) (See 押し競饅頭) children's game in which (at least three) people stand back to back to each other and shove vigorously backwards

押し競饅頭

[おしくらまんじゅう, oshikuramanjuu] (n) children's game in which (at least three) people stand back to back to each other and shove vigorously backwards

河津掛け

[かわづかけ, kawadukake] (n) hooking backward counter throw (sumo)

外襷反り

[そとたすきぞり, sototasukizori] (n) outer reverse backwards body drop (sumo)

掛け反り

[かけぞり, kakezori] (n) hooking backwards body drop (sumo)

逆さ言葉

[さかさことば, sakasakotoba] (n) word said backwards; word of opposite meaning

逆読み

[ぎゃくよみ, gyakuyomi] (n) { comp } backward reading

逆方向ＬＡＮチャネル

[ぎゃくほうこうランチャネル, gyakuhoukou ranchaneru] (n) { comp } backward LAN channel

逆方向通信路

[ぎゃくほうこうつうしんろ, gyakuhoukoutsuushinro] (n) { comp } backward channel

逆方向読取り

[ぎゃくほうこうよみとり, gyakuhoukouyomitori] (n) { comp } backward reading

弓形になる

[ゆみなりになる, yuminarininaru] (exp, v5r) to bend backward; to become bow-shaped

居反り

[いぞり, izori] (n) backwards body drop (sumo)

強盗返し;龕灯返し;龕燈返し(oK)

[がんどうがえし;がんとうがえし, gandougaeshi ; gantougaeshi] (n) rotating stage machinery, which rolls backwards 90 degrees to reveal the next scene

仰け反る;仰けぞる;仰反る

[のけぞる, nokezoru] (v5r) (1) to bend (backward); to throw (the head) back; (2) to be taken aback

空様;空方

[そらざま, sorazama] (adj-na) (arch) arching backward; looking up

後ろに倒れる;後に倒れる(io)

[うしろにたおれる, ushironitaoreru] (exp, v1) to fall backward

後ろもたれ

[うしろもたれ, ushiromotare] (n) backward lean out (sumo)

後ろ前

[うしろまえ, ushiromae] (n) backwards

後ろ様に倒れる

[うしろざまにたおれる, ushirozamanitaoreru] (exp, v1) to fall backward

後向き推論

[うしろむきすいろん, ushiromukisuiron] (n) { comp } backward reasoning (AI)

後退ファイル回復

[こうたいファイルかいふく, koutai fairu kaifuku] (n) { comp } backward file recovery

後退回復

[こうたいかいふく, koutaikaifuku] (n) { comp } backward (file) recovery

後方一致

[こうほういっち, kouhouicchi] (n) { comp } (See 前方一致, 部分一致) right-hand match; ends-with match; backward match; matching a sub-string with the end of a field

後方推論

[こうほうすいろん, kouhousuiron] (n) { comp } backward reasoning (AI)

上位互換性

[じょういごかんせい, jouigokansei] (n, adj-no) (See 下位互換性) backward compatibility; downward compatibility

尻目;後目(oK)

[しりめ, shirime] (n) (See 尻目にかける) backward glance; sidelong glance

寸進尺退

[すんしんしゃくたい, sunshinshakutai] (n, vs) one step forward, many steps backward; little to gain and much to lose

切り返し

[きりかえし, kirikaeshi] (n) (1) railway switchback; (2) twisting backward knee trip (sumo)

切り返す;切返す;斬り返す

[きりかえす, kirikaesu] (v5s, vt) (1) to slash back; (2) to strike back; to counterattack; to retort; (3) to cut the wheel; (4) (See 切り返し・2) to perform a twisting backward knee trip (in sumo)

体を反らす

[からだをそらす, karadawosorasu] (exp, v5s) to bend oneself backward

退嬰主義

[たいえいしゅぎ, taieishugi] (n) backward-looking philosophy (ideology); conservatism

大逆手

[おおさかて, oosakate] (n) backward-twisting overarm throw (sumo)

遅知恵

[おそぢえ, osodie] (n) backward or late-developing child

撞木反り

[しゅもくぞり, shumokuzori] (n) bell hammer backwards body drop (sumo)

波離間投げ

[はりまなげ, harimanage] (n) backward belt throw (sumo)

背走

[はいそう, haisou] (n, vs) running backwards

背面跳び

[はいめんとび, haimentobi] (n) Fosbury-back flop; backward jump

反り返る

[そりかえる, sorikaeru] (v5r, vi) to warp; to bend backwards; to throw the head (or shoulders) back; to throw out the chest

反る

[そる, soru] (v5r, vi) (1) to warp; to be warped; to curve; to be curved; to be arched; (2) to bend (backward); (P)

反身

[はんしん, hanshin] (n) bending backward; strutting

本末転倒;本末顛倒

[ほんまつてんとう, honmatsutentou] (n, vs, adj-no) failing to properly evaluate the (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the cause for the end; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; getting one's priorities backwards

Japanese-English: COMPDICT Dictionary COMPDICT JP-EN Dictionary

バックワード回復

[バックワードかいふく, bakkuwa-do kaifuku] backward recovery

逆読み

[ぎゃくよみ, gyakuyomi] backward reading

逆方向ＬＡＮチャネル

[ぎゃくほうこうＬＡＮチャネル, gyakuhoukou LAN chaneru] backward LAN channel

逆方向通信路

[ぎゃくほうこうつうしんろ, gyakuhoukoutsuushinro] backward channel

逆方向読取り

[ぎゃくほうこうよみとり, gyakuhoukouyomitori] backward reading

後向き推論