การพยากรณ์ย้อนหลัง หรือวิธีการฉายภาพย้อนหลัง (retrojection), Example:เป็นการพยากรณ์กลับไปในอดีต ใช้ทั้งด้านเศรษฐกิจและสังคม มักมีความแม่นยำกว่าการพยากรณ์อนาคตเพราะสามารถทดสอบกับข้อมูลจริงได้ [สิ่งแวดล้อม]

Backwardness

ชักแม่น้ำทั้ง5 [การแพทย์]

Thai-English: NECTEC's Lexitron-2 Dictionary [with local updates] NECTEC Lexitron-2 Dictionary (TH-EN)

ต่องแต่ง

(adv) to and fro, See Also: backwards and forwards, Syn. กระต่องกระแต่ง, Example:นกกะปูดถูกยิงมันจึงบินต่องแต่งเหนือพื้นดินไม่ถึงสิบเมตร, Thai Definition:อย่างเหมือนอาการที่ห้อยแกว่งไปมา

ถอยกลับ

(v) retreat, See Also: backward, move back, withdraw, recede, Syn. ล่ากลับ, Ant. เดินหน้า, Example:ความสามารถข้อนี้จะทำให้เราถอยกลับ เพื่อดูข้อมูลที่ไหลเลื่อนผ่านจอภาพไปแล้วได้, Thai Definition:เคลื่อนไปข้างหลัง

ท้าย

(n) rear, See Also: backward, end, Syn. หาง, ชาย, ปลาย, ด้านหลัง, ตอนหลัง, Ant. หัว, ต้น, ด้านหน้า, Example:รูปร่างของเขาเล็กและเตี้ย จึงต้องอยู่ท้ายแถวเป็นประจำ

ความล้าหลัง

(n) backwardness, See Also: behindhand, underdevelopment, Ant. ความทันสมัย, ความก้าวหน้า, Example:ประเทศกัมพูชากำลังก้าวให้หลุดพ้นจากความล้าหลัง

Thai-English-French: Volubilis Dictionary 1.0 Volubilis Dictionary (TH-EN-FR)

บูรณาการย้อนกลับ(ทางเศรษฐกิจ)

[būranā kān yønklap (thāng sētthakit)] (n, exp) EN: backward integration

ความล้าหลัง

[khwām lālang] (n) EN: backwardness

ถอยหลัง

[thøilang] (v) EN: go backwards ; back ; go into reverse ; make sternway ; back up ; regress FR: faire marche arrière ; reculer ; rétrograder ; aller en arrière ; aller à reculons

ถอยหน้าถอยหลัง

[thøinā-thøilang] (v) EN: move backwards and forwards

ถด

[thot] (v) EN: move backwards ; budge ; stir; retreat ; withdraw ; shrink back FR: reculer

ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus ตัวอย่างประโยคจาก Tanaka JP-EN Corpus

backwar

He bent over backward to please his wife.

backwar

He fell backward.

backwar

He is backward in science.

backwar

He looked backward over his shoulder.

backwar

In tennis and ping-pong backhand the hand is turned backwards in making the stroke.

backwar

It is important to maintain backward compatibility with software that was written to run on the former system.

backwar

(Rev. Martin Luther) King fell backwards, shot in the neck.

backwar

Say the alphabet backward.

backwar

She is backward in expressing her opinion.

backwar

Social conditions are going backward rather than forward.

backwar

Spring is backward this year.

backwar

The actress fell backward over the stage.

CMU English Pronouncing Dictionary Dictionary [with local updates] CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

backward

/B AE1 K W ER0 D/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ/

backwards

/B AE1 K W ER0 D Z/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ สึ/

backwardness

/B AE1 K W ER0 D N AH0 S/ /แบ๊ เขว่อ (ร) ดึ เหนอะ สึ/

backwardation

/B AE2 K W ER0 D EY1 SH AH0 N/ /แบ เขว่อ (ร) เด๊ เฉิ่น/

Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (pronunciation guide only) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary

backward

(adj, adv) /bˈækwəd/ /แบ๊ เขวอะ ดึ/ /b a1 k w @ d/

backwards

(adj, adv) /bˈækwədz/ /แบ๊ เขวอะ ดึ สึ/ /b a1 k w @ d z/

WordNet (3.0) WordNet (3.0)

backward

(adj) directed or facing toward the back or rear, Ant. forward, Example:a backward view

backward

(adj) (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature, Ant. forward, Example:a backward lover

backward

(adj) retarded in intellectual development, Syn. half-witted, slow-witted, feebleminded

backward

(adj) having made less than normal progress, Example:an economically backward country

backward

(adv) in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal, Syn. backwards, Example:it's easy to get the `i' and the `e' backward in words like `seize' and `siege'; the child put her jersey on backward

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English (GCIDE) v.0.53 Collaborative International Dictionary (GCIDE)

Backward

v. t. To keep back; to hinder. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Backward

a. 1. Directed to the back or rear; as, backward glances. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath. [ 1913 Webster ]

For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves. Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child. “The backward learner.” South. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward season. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Already past or gone; bygone. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And flies unconscious o'er each backward year. Byron. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backward

n. The state behind or past. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

In the dark backward and abysm of time. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwardation

n. [ Backward, v. t. + -ation. ] (Stock Exchange) The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See Contango. Biddle. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwardly

adv. 1. Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [ Obs. ] Sir P. Sidney. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Perversely; ill. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

And does he think so backwardly of me? Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

backwardness

n. The state of being backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

Backwards

{ } adv. [ Back, adv. + -ward. ] 1. With the back in advance or foremost; as, to ride backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to throw the arms backward. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. On the back, or with the back downward. [ 1913 Webster ]

Thou wilt fall backward. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago. [ 1913 Webster ]

Some reigns backward. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. By way of reflection; reflexively. Sir J. Davies. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin. [ 1913 Webster ]

The work went backward. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; as, to read backwards. [ 1913 Webster ]

We might have . . . beat them backward home. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

Chinese-English: CC-CEDICT Dictionary CC-CEDICT CN-EN Dictionary

向后

[向后 / 向後, xiàng hòu] backward #10061

逆向

[逆向, nì xiàng] backwards; reverse direction #20986

来回来去地

[来回来去地 / 來回來去地, lái huí lái qù de] backwards and forwards

后翻筋斗

[后翻筋斗, hòu fān jīn dòu] backward somersault

向后翻腾

[向后翻腾 / 向後翻騰, xiàng hòu fān téng] backward somersault

后掩蔽

[后掩蔽 / 後掩蔽, hòu yǎn bì] backward masking

朝后

[朝后 / 朝後, cháo hòu] backwards; facing back

逆向拥塞通知

[逆向拥塞通知 / 逆向擁塞通知, nì xiàng yōng sāi tōng zhī] Backward Explicit Congestion Notification; BECN

Japanese-English: EDICT Dictionary EDICT JP-EN Dictionary

バック

[bakku] (n) (1) back; (vs) (2) to go backwards; to reverse; (3) to refund a customer; (P) #2456

後進

[こうしん, koushin] (n) (1) one's junior; next generation; (n, vs) (2) reversing; going astern; going backwards; (P) #17505

ダフ屋

[ダフや, dafu ya] (n) (ticket) scalper ("dafu" is "fuda" backwards)

バク転;バック転

[バクてん(バク転);バックてん(バック転), baku ten ( baku ten ); bakku ten ( bakku ten )] (n, vs) (See 後転跳び) backward somersault; back handspring; backflip

バックワード回復

[バックワードかいふく, bakkuwa-do kaifuku] (n) { comp } backward recovery

悪平等

[あくびょうどう, akubyoudou] (adj-na, n) misguided equality; misconceived equality; leaning over backwards to be impartial

一歩下がる

[いっぽさがる, ipposagaru] (v5r) to take a step backward

一歩退く

[いっぽひく, ippohiku] (v5k) to take a step backward; to retreat a step

押し競

[おしくら, oshikura] (n) (abbr) (See 押し競べ) children's game in which (at least three) people stand back to back to each other and shove vigorously backwards

押し競べ

[おしくらべ, oshikurabe] (n) (See 押し競饅頭) children's game in which (at least three) people stand back to back to each other and shove vigorously backwards

Japanese-English: COMPDICT Dictionary COMPDICT JP-EN Dictionary

バックワード回復

[バックワードかいふく, bakkuwa-do kaifuku] backward recovery

逆読み

[ぎゃくよみ, gyakuyomi] backward reading

逆方向ＬＡＮチャネル

[ぎゃくほうこうＬＡＮチャネル, gyakuhoukou LAN chaneru] backward LAN channel

逆方向通信路

[ぎゃくほうこうつうしんろ, gyakuhoukoutsuushinro] backward channel

逆方向読取り

[ぎゃくほうこうよみとり, gyakuhoukouyomitori] backward reading

後向き推論