(n) (Old Testament) a collection of written scrolls (containing nearly all of the Old Testament) found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s, Example:the Dead Sea Scrolls provide information about Judaism and the Bible around the time of Jesus
[史记 / 史記, Shǐ jìㄕˇ ㄐㄧˋ] Record of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian 司馬遷|司马迁, first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed in 91 BC during Western Han (former Han), 130 scrolls, See Also: 司馬遷, 司马迁, 二十四史#21388
[汉书 / 漢書, Hàn shūㄏㄢˋ ㄕㄨ] History of Western Han (former Han), second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Ban Gu 班固 in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 班固#33086
[三国志 / 三國志, Sān guó zhìㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓˋ] History of the Three Kingdoms, fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Chen Shou 陳寿|陈寿 in 289 during Jin Dynasty 晋朝, 65 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 陳寿, 陈寿, 晋朝#35216
[明史, Míng shǐㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˇ] History of the Ming dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉 in 1739 during the Qing dynasty, 332 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 張廷玉, 张廷玉#46492
[资治通鉴 / 資治通鑒, Zī zhì tōng jiànㄗ ㄓˋ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ] A mirror for the wise ruler (or Comprehensive Mirror for aid in Government), a vast chronological general history, written by 司馬光|司马光 Sima Guang (1019-1089) and collaborators during the Northern Song in 1084, covering the period 403 BC-959 AD, 294 scrolls, See Also: 司馬光, 司马光#48259
[宋史, Sòng shǐㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄕˇ] History of the Song dynasty, twentieth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 496 scrolls; (not to be confused with 宋書|宋书), See Also: 二十四史, 脱脱, 元, 宋書, 宋书#50991
[晋书 / 晉書, Jìn shūㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄕㄨ] History of the Jin dynasty, fifth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 in 648 during Tang dynasty 唐朝, 130 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 房玄齡, 唐朝#59469
[旧唐书 / 舊唐書, Jiù Táng shūㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄊㄤˊ ㄕㄨ] History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋 of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 劉昫, 刘昫, 後晉, 后晋#63033
[元史, Yuán shǐㄩㄢˊ ㄕˇ] History of the Yuan dynasty, twenty third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Song Lian 宋濂 in 1370 during the Ming dynasty, 210 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 宋濂#67982
[宋书 / 宋書, Sòng shūㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄨ] History of Song of the Southern dynasties 南朝宋 or Liu Song 劉宋|刘宋, sixth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Shen Yue 沈約 in 488 during Liang of the Southern dynasties 南朝梁, 100 scrolls; (not to be confused with 宋史), See Also: 南朝宋, 劉宋, 刘宋, 二十四史, 沈約, 南朝梁, 宋史#72561
[五代史, Wǔ dài shǐㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˇ] History of the Five Dynasties, eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974 during Northern Song 北宋, 150 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 薛居正, 北宋#95125
[辽史 / 遼史, Liáo shǐㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄕˇ] History of the Liao dynasty, twenty first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 116 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 脱脱, 元#99207
[金史, Jīn shǐㄐㄧㄣ ㄕˇ] History of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, twenty second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed under Toktoghan 脱脱 in 1345 during the Yuan 元 dynasty, 135 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 脱脱, 元#103001
[南史, Nán shǐㄋㄢˊ ㄕˇ] History of the Southern Dynasties, fourteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽|李延寿 in 659 during Tang dynasty, 80 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 李延壽, 李延寿#119482
[册府元龟 / 冊府元龜, Cè fǔ yuán guīㄘㄜˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄟ] Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 and Yang Yi 楊億|杨亿, 1000 scrolls, See Also: 王欽若, 王钦若, 楊億, 杨亿#133063
[文苑英华 / 文苑英華, Wén yuàn yīng huáㄨㄣˊ ㄩㄢˋ ㄧㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ] Finest blossoms in the garden of literature, Song dynasty collection of poetry, odes, songs and writings compiled during 982-986 under Li Fan 李昉, Xu Xuan 徐鉉|徐铉, Song Bai 宋白 and Su Yijian 蘇易簡|苏易简, 1000 scrolls, See Also: 李昉, 徐鉉, 徐铉, 宋白, 蘇易簡, 苏易简#170378
[北史, Běi shǐㄅㄟˇ ㄕˇ] History of the Northern Dynasties, fifteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽|李延寿 in 659 during Tang dynasty, 100 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 李延壽, 李延寿
[北齐书 / 北齊書, Běi Qí shūㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄨ] History of Qi of the Northern dynasties, eleventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥|李百药 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 50 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 李百藥, 李百药
[十六国春秋 / 十六國春秋, Shí liù guó Chūn qiūㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ] history of the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 by Cui Hong 崔鴻|崔鸿, written towards the end of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏, 100 scrolls, See Also: 崔鴻, 崔鸿, 北魏
[南齐书 / 南齊書, Nán Qí shūㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄨ] History of Qi of the Southern dynasties, seventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯 萧子显 in 537 during Liang of the Southern dynasties 南朝梁, 59 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 蕭子顯, 萧子显, 南朝梁
[吴越春秋 / 吳越春秋, Wú Yuè chūn qiūㄨˊ ㄩㄝˋ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ] History of the Southern States Wu and Yue (traditional rivals), compiled by Han historian Zhao Ye 趙曄|赵晔, 10 extant scrolls, See Also: 趙曄, 赵晔
[周书 / 周書, Zhōu shūㄓㄡ ㄕㄨ] History of Zhou of the Northern dynasties, twelfth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 50 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 令狐德棻
[唐书 / 唐書, Táng shūㄊㄤˊ ㄕㄨ] same as 舊唐書|旧唐书, History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫 in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋 of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls, See Also: 舊唐書, 旧唐书, 二十四史, 劉昫, 後晉, 后晋
[太平御览 / 太平御覽, Tài píng yù lǎnㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄌㄢˇ] Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fan 李昉, 1000 scrolls, See Also: 李昉
[后汉书 / 後漢書, Hòu Hàn shūㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄢˋ ㄕㄨ] History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, composed by Fan Ye 範曄|范晔 in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋, 120 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 範曄, 范晔, 南朝宋
[新五代史, Xīn Wǔ dài shǐㄒㄧㄣ ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˇ] Later History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), nineteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修 in 1053 during Northern Song dynasty, 74 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 歐陽修, 欧阳修
[新唐书 / 新唐書, Xīn Táng shūㄒㄧㄣ ㄊㄤˊ ㄕㄨ] History of the Later Tang Dynasty, seventeenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧陽修 and Song Qi 宋祁 in 1060 during Northern Song 北宋, 225 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 歐陽修, 欧陽修, 宋祁, 北宋
[梁书 / 梁書, Liáng shūㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄨ] History of Liang of the Southern dynasties, eighth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 56 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 姚思廉
[清史列传 / 清史列傳, Qīng shǐ liè zhuànㄑㄧㄥ ㄕˇ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄨㄢˋ] Biographic history of Qing dynasty by a succession of authors, published 1928 and revised 1987, with biographies of 2, 900 notable Qing commoner citizens, 80 scrolls
[清史稿, Qīng shǐ gāoㄑㄧㄥ ㄕˇ ㄍㄠ] Draft History of the Qing dynasty, sometimes listed as number 25 or 26 of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽|赵尔巽 in 1927 during the Northern Warlords period, 536 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 趙爾巽, 赵尔巽
[旧五代史 / 舊五代史, Jiù Wǔ dài shǐㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˇ] History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974 during Northern Song 北宋, 150 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 薛居正, 北宋
[陈书 / 陳書, Chén shūㄔㄣˊ ㄕㄨ] History of Chen of the Southern dynasties, ninth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 36 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 姚思廉
[隋书 / 隋書, Suí shūㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄕㄨ] History of the Sui Dynasty, 13th of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled under Wei Zheng 魏徵|魏征 in 636 during Tang dynasty, 85 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 魏徵, 魏征
[魏书 / 魏書, Wèi shūㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄨ] History of Wei of the Northern dynasties, tenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Wei Shou 魏收 in 554 during Northern Qi dynasty 北齊|北齐, 114 scrolls, See Also: 二十四史, 魏收, 北齊, 北齐
[齐书 / 齊書, Qí shūㄑㄧˊ ㄕㄨ] History of Qi of the Southern dynasties, seventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史, compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯 萧子显 in 537 during Liang of the Southern dynasties 南朝梁, 59 scrolls; usually 南齊書|南齐书 to distinguish from Northern Qi, See Also: 二十四史, 蕭子顯, 萧子显, 南朝梁, 南齊書, 南齐书
[ほっけはっこう, hokkehakkou] (n) Buddhist service in which the eight scrolls of the Lotus Sutra are read one scroll at a time (one morning and one evening reading each day for four days with a different reciter each time)