(n) a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard; intended to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the government it resulted in purges of the intellectuals and socioeconomic chaos, Syn. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
[四人帮 / 四人幫, sì rén bāngㄙˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄅㄤ] Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution, See Also: 江青, 張春橋, 姚文元, 王洪文#8300
[走资派 / 走資派, zǒu zī pàiㄗㄡˇ ㄗ ㄆㄞˋ] capitalist-roader; person in power taking the capitalist road, a political label often pinned on cadres by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution#22199
[彭德怀 / 彭德懷, Péng Dé huáiㄆㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ] Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive persecution during the Cultural Revolution#25831
[吴晗 / 吳晗, Wú Hánㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ] Wu Han (1909-1969), historian, author of biography of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, hounded to his death together with several members of his family during the cultural revolution, See Also: 朱元璋#41976
[康生, Kāng Shēngㄎㄤ ㄕㄥ] Kang Sheng (1896-1975), Chinese communist leader, a politburo member during the Cultural Revolution and posthumously blamed for some of its excesses#43007
[周作人, Zhōu Zuò rénㄓㄡ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄖㄣˊ] Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun 魯迅|鲁迅, academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution, See Also: 魯迅, 鲁迅#46385
[邓拓 / 鄧拓, Dèng tuòㄉㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄛˋ] Deng Tuo (1912-1966), sociologist and journalist, died under persecution at the start of the Cultural Revolution; wrote under the pen name Ma Nancun 馬南邨|马南邨, See Also: 馬南邨, 马南邨#48956
[三家村, Sān jiā cūnㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄘㄨㄣ] lit. village of three households; name of essay column in Beijing newspaper from 1961-1966, written by Deng Tuo 鄧拓|邓拓, Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗 and Liao Mosha 廖沫沙, criticized as anti-party during the Cultural Revolution, See Also: 鄧拓, 邓拓, 吳晗, 吴晗, 廖沫沙#65243
[郭小川, Guō Xiǎo chuānㄍㄨㄛ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄔㄨㄢ] Guo Xiaochuan (1919-1976), PRC communist poet, hero in the war with Japan, died after long persecution during Cultural Revolution#96433
[廖沫沙, Liào Mò shāㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄕㄚ] Liao Mosha (1907-1990), journalist and communist propagandist, severely criticized and imprisoned for 10 years during the Cultural Revolution#117346
[韩爱晶 / 韓愛晶, Hán Ài jīngㄏㄢˊ ㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄥ] Han Aijing (1945-), notorious red guard leader during Cultural Revolution, spent 15 years in prison for imprisoning and torturing political leaders#255029
[邓小平理论 / 鄧小平理論, Dèng xiǎo píng lǐ lùnㄉㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ] Deng Xiaoping theory; the foundation of PRC economic development after the cultural revolution, building the capitalist economy within Chinese communist party control