[鸿沟 / 鴻溝, hóng gōuㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄡ] wide gap; gulf; chasm; lit. name of old canal in Henan that formed the border between enemies Chu 楚 and Han 漢|汉, See Also: 楚, 漢, 汉#26357
[卢沟桥 / 盧溝橋, Lú gōu qiáoㄌㄨˊ ㄍㄡ ㄑㄧㄠˊ] Lugou bridge or Marco Polo bridge in southwest of Beijing, the scene of the incident of 7th July 1937 that sparked WW2 between Japan and China#37785
[芦沟桥事变 / 蘆溝橋事變, Lú gōu qiáo shì biànㄌㄨˊ ㄍㄡ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ] the Marco Polo bridge incident of 7th July 1937 that sparked WW2 between Japan and China#131316
[柳条沟事变 / 柳條溝事變, liǔ tiáo gōu shì biànㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄍㄡ ㄕˋ ㄅㄧㄢˋ] the Mukden or Manchurian railway incident of 18th September 1931 used by the Japanese as a pretext to annex Manchuria; also known as 9-18 incident 九一八事变, See Also: 九一八事变