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n. [ Cf. Ir. blocan a little block, Gael. plocan a mallet, W. plocyn, dim. of ploc block; or perh. connected with E. blow a stroke. Cf. Block, Blow a stroke. ] A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F. bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise. ] To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch. [ 1913 Webster ]

Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To bud. See Bourgeon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr. Gr. &unr_;, fr. &unr_; working or operating with the hand; chei`r hand + &unr_; work. Cf. Surgeon, Work. ] A surgeon. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. Surgically. [ Obs. ] Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., dim. of clerc. See Clerk. ] A chorister boy. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. cornmudgin, where -mudgin is prob. from OF. muchier, mucier, F. musser to hide; of uncertain origin; cf. OE. muchares skulking thieves, E. miche, micher. ] An avaricious, grasping fellow; a miser; a niggard; a churl. [ 1913 Webster ]

A gray-headed curmudgeon of a negro. W. Irving. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Like a curmudgeon; niggardly; churlish; as, a curmudgeonly fellow. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To strip of burgeons or buds; to disbud. [ R. ] Holland. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made. Gerarde (1597). [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The haft of a dagger. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger. Hudibras. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ W. dygen anger, grudge. ] Resentment; ill will; anger; displeasure. [ 1913 Webster ]

I drink it to thee in dudgeon and hostility. [ 1913 Webster ]

Sir T. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Homely; rude; coarse. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

By my troth, though I am plain and dudgeon,
I would not be an ass. Beau. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To shut up in a dungeon. Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio, the same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame, Don, and cf. Dominion, Domain, Demesne, Danger, Donjon. ] A close, dark prison, commonly, under ground, as if the lower apartments of the donjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. [ 1913 Webster ]

Down with him even into the deep dungeon. Tyndale. [ 1913 Webster ]

Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gobius, Gr. kwbio`s Cf. 1st Goby. ] 1. (Zool.) A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. What may be got without skill or merit. [ 1913 Webster ]

Fish not, with this melancholy bait,
For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder. [ 1913 Webster ]

Ball gudgeon. See under Ball. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir IV. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. pl. [ Obs. ] See Grudgeons. [ 1913 Webster ]

/mhw>, n. pl. [ Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout. ] Coarse meal. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon. ] A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk. ] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. See Habergeon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. mélanger to mix, mélange a mixture. ] One of a mixed white and Indian people living in parts of Tennessee and the Carolinas. They are descendants of early intermixtures of white settlers with natives. In North Carolina the
Croatan Indians, regarded as descended from Raleigh's lost colony of Croatan, formerly classed with negroes, are now legally recognized as distinct. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

(Zool.), A once common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), now extinct. It was so called on account of its extensive migrations. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

☞ The passenger pigeon presents a striking example of how dramatic a negative influence man can have on other species. The population of the passenger pigeon is estimated to have been at one time as high as five billion in North America, but over a period of about one hundred years large scale hunting for use as food and killing for “sport” reduced the numbers below that necessary to sustain existence of the species. At one time over 200, 000 birds were shipped to the food markets in one day. The last wild pigeon is believed to have died in 1900, and the last bird in captivity died in 1914. It is a rare example of the date of a man-made extinction being recorded with certainty. [ PJC ]

n. [ F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp. ] 1. (Zool.) Any bird of the order Columbæ, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon or rock dove (Columba livia), common in cities. It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeon of the Eastern United States is the Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura, called also Carolina dove). Before the 19th century, the most common pigeon was the passenger pigeon, but that species is now extinct. See Passenger pigeon, and Carolina dove under Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [ Slang ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Blue pigeon (Zool.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); -- called also black-faced crow. --
Green pigeon (Zool.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family Treronidæ. --
Imperial pigeon (Zool.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. --
Pigeon berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed. --
Pigeon English [ perhaps a corruption of business English ], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindustani. Johnson's Cyc. --
Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. --
Pigeon hawk. (Zool.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter velox or Accipiter fuscus). --
Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches. Halliwell. --
Pigeon house, a dovecote. --
Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. --
Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of Chrysobalanus (Chrysobalanus ellipticus and Chrysobalanus luteus). --
Pigeon tremex. (Zool.) See under Tremex. --
Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. --
Pigeon woodpecker (Zool.), the flicker. --
Prairie pigeon. (Zool.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [ Local, U.S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling. [ Slang ] Smart. [ 1913 Webster ]

He's pigeoned and undone. Observer. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle). [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted. Beau. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a report. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Pigeon-hearted. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Having the toes turned in. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. A wing of a pigeon, or a wing like it. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. An old mode of dressing men's side hair in a form likened to a pigeon's wings; also, a wig similarly shaped. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

3. (Dancing) A fancy step executed by jumping and striking the legs together; as, to cut a pigeonwing. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

4. A certain fancy figure in skating. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

5. (Tempering) A color, brown shaded with purple, coming between dark brown and light blue in the table of colors in drawing the temper of hardened steel. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. [ Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen. ] A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Zool.) The European black goby (Gobius niger). [ 1913 Webster ]

The common guillemot. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Zool.) A surgeon fish. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Zool.) (a) The scaup duck. (b) The pintail duck. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo, G. stör; akin to AS. styria, styriga. ] (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family Acipenseridae. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviar is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the Atlantic coast region, Acipenser transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and Acipenser rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe, the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head, and has four barbels in front. [ 1913 Webster ]

Shovel-nosed sturgeon. (Zool.) See Shovelnose (d). [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien. See Chirurgeon. ] 1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of chaetodont fishes of the family Teuthidae, or Acanthuridae, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. [ 1913 Webster ]

Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. --
Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. --
Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. --
Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Surgery. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Probably from an old French form of F. vigeon, vingeon, gingeon; of uncertain origin; cf. L. vipio, -onis, a kind of small crane. ] (Zool.) Any one of several species of fresh-water ducks, especially those belonging to the subgenus Mareca, of the genus Anas. The common European widgeon (Anas penelope) and the American widgeon (Anas Americana) are the most important species. The latter is called also baldhead, baldpate, baldface, baldcrown, smoking duck, wheat, duck, and whitebelly. [ 1913 Webster ]

Bald-faced widgeon, or
Green-headed widgeon, the American widgeon. --
Black widgeon, the European tufted duck. --
Gray widgeon. (a) The gadwall. (b) The pintail duck. --
Great headed widgeon, the poachard. --
Pied widgeon. (a) The poachard. (b) The goosander. --
Saw-billed widgeon, the merganser. --
Sea widgeon. See in the Vocabulary. --
Spear widgeon, the goosander. [ Prov. Eng. ] --
Spoonbilled widgeon, the shoveler. --
White widgeon, the smew. --
Wood widgeon, the wood duck. [ 1913 Webster ]