[ぶんか, bunka] (n) (1) culture; civilization; civilisation; (2) Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22); (P) #414
[ぶんめい, bunmei] (n) (1) civilization; civilisation; culture; (2) Bummei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20); (P) #4054
[じんぶん(P);じんもん, jinbun (P); jinmon] (n) humanity; civilization; civilisation; culture; (P) #6378
[ひらける, hirakeru] (v1, vi) (1) to become opened up; to improve; to get better; (2) to develop; to progress; to become civilized (civilised); to be up-to-date; (3) to be enlightened; to be sensible; (P) #17341
[インダスぶんめい, indasu bunmei] (n) Indus (valley) civilization (civilisation)
[エーゲぶんめい, e-ge bunmei] (n) Aegean civilization
[エジプトぶんめい, ejiputo bunmei] (n) Egyptian civilization
[shibirize-shon] (n) civilization; civilisation
[メソポタミアぶんめい, mesopotamia bunmei] (n) Mesopotamian civilization
[こうがぶんめい, kougabunmei] (n) Yellow River civilization; Huang civilization; cradle of Chinese civilization
[かいか, kaika] (n, vs) civilization; civilisation; enlightenment
[かいめい, kaimei] (n) civilization; civilisation; enlightenment
[きかいぶんめい, kikaibunmei] (n) technical civilization; technical civilisation
[きょうけ;きょうげ, kyouke ; kyouge] (n, vs) culture; education; civilization; civilisation
[げんだいぶんめい, gendaibunmei] (n) modern civilization; modern civilisation
[こだいぶんめい, kodaibunmei] (n) ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
[しぜんじん, shizenjin] (n) natural person (e.g. one unspoilt by civilization, civilisation)
[じんぶんし, jinbunshi] (n) history of civilization; history of civilisation
[せかいよんだいぶんめい, sekaiyondaibunmei] (n) the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)
[せいおうぶんめい, seioubunmei] (n) Western civilization; Western civilisation
[せいようぶんめい, seiyoubunmei] (n) Western civilization; Western civilisation
[はっしょうち, hasshouchi] (n) cradle (of civilisation, civilization, etc.); birthplace; (P)
[はんかい, hankai] (n, vs, adj-no) semicivilized; semicivilised
[はんかいこく, hankaikoku] (n) underdeveloped country; half-civilized country; half-civilised country
[ぶっしつぶんめい, busshitsubunmei] (n) material civilization; material civilisation
[ぶんぶつ, bunbutsu] (n) (the products of) culture or civilization (civilisation)
[ぶんめいがすすむにつれて, bunmeigasusumunitsurete] (exp) with the advance of civilization (civilisation)
[ぶんめいのしょうとつ, bunmeinoshoutotsu] (n) clash of civilizations
[ぶんめいこく, bunmeikoku] (n) civilized nation; civilised nation
[ぶんめいし, bunmeishi] (n) history of civilization
[ぶんめいしゃかい, bunmeishakai] (n) civilized society; civilised society
[ぶんめいしょこく, bunmeishokoku] (n) civilized world; civilised world
[ぶんめいじん, bunmeijin] (n) civilized person; civilized people
[ぶんめいせかい, bunmeisekai] (n) civilized world; civilised world
[みかい, mikai] (adj-na, n, adj-no) savage land; backward region; uncivilized; uncivilised; (P)
[みかいこく, mikaikoku] (n) uncivilized country
[みかいやばん, mikaiyaban] (n, adj-na) primitive and barbarous; uncivilized and barbaric
[もうまい, moumai] (adj-na, n) ignorance; (lack of) enlightenment or civilization (civilisation); unenlightened; uncivilized; uncivilised
[やばん, yaban] (adj-na, n) savage; uncivilized; uncivilised; (P)
[やばんこく, yabankoku] (n) uncivilized country; savage land
[よたく, yotaku] (n) blessings; benefits (of modern civilization, civilisation)
[ようじ, youji] (n) (obsc) (See ローマ字) characters used by Western civilization (esp. the Latin alphabet)