(n) the endeavor of a Moslem scholar to derive a rule of divine law from the Koran and Hadith without relying on the views of other scholars; by the end of the 10th century theologians decided that debate on such matters would be closed and Muslim theology and law were frozen, Example:some reform-minded Islamic scholars believe that reopening ijtihad is a prerequisite for the survival of Islam
{ } n. [ Ar. jihād, struggle. ] (Islam) A religious war against infidels or Muslim heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.
[ Their ] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Muslim dervishes of the Sudan, or of Muslims anywhere engaged in a jehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it. James Bryce. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]