| ลองค้นหาคำในรูปแบบอื่น ๆ เพื่อให้ได้ผลลัพธ์มากขึ้นหรือน้อยลง: aspe, -aspe- |
มีผลลัพธ์ที่ไม่แสดงผลอยู่ | aspect | (n) มุม, See also: ด้าน, แง่มุม | | aspect | (n) มุมมอง, See also: ความคิดเห็น, Syn. view, viewpoint, perspective | | aspect | (n) ลักษณะ, See also: รูปลักษณ์, Syn. look, looks, appearance, features | | jasper | (n) หินประดับชนิดหนึ่งส่วนใหญ่มีสีแดง | | exasperate | (vt) ทำให้ฉุนเฉียว, See also: ทำให้โกรธ, ทำให้โมโห, Syn. annoy, irritate, provoke | | exasperating | (adj) ซึ่งฉุนเฉียว, See also: ซึ่งโมโห, ซึ่งโกรธมาก, Syn. annoying, galling | | exasperation | (n) ความฉุนเฉียว, See also: ความโกรธ, การกระฟัดกระเฟียด, ความโมโห, Syn. anger, irritation, wrathfulness |
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| | aspect | (แอส'เพคทฺ) n. ลักษณะ, รูปร่างหน้าตา, รูปการ, ด้าน (ปัญหา) , หลักเกณฑ์, ด้านข้างหรือผิวหน้าด้านที่กำลังมอง, ทิศทาง, ที่ตั้ง, Syn. expression, look, air, visage | | aspect ratio | อัตราส่วนระหว่างแนวตั้งและแนวนอนหมายถึง อัตราส่วนระหว่างแนวตั้งกับแนวนอนของภาพของสิ่งใดสิ่งหนึ่ง โดยปกติ ใช้ในการสร้างภาพคอมพิวเตอร์ (computer graphics) ซึ่งต้องคอยระวังให้มีสัดส่วนที่ถูกต้องอยู่เสมอ | | aspen | (แอส'เพิน) n. ชื่อต้นไม้จำพวก poplars | | asperges | (แอัสเพอ'จีซ) n. พิธีพรมน้ำมนต์, เพลงสวดในพิธีนี (rite of sprinkling with water) | | aspergillosis | (แอสเพอจิลโล'วิส) n., (pl. -ses) โรคสัตว์ที่เนื่องจากเชื้อราจำพวก Aspergillus (disease caused by a mold) | | aspergillum | (แอส'เพอจิลัมป n., (pl. -al, -lums) แปรงหรืออุปกรณ์พรมน้ำมนต์ | | aspergillus | ฤแอสเพอจิ'ลัส) n., (pl. -li) เชื้อราจำพวก Aspergillus ตระกูล Aspergillaceae | | asperity | (อัสเพอ'ริที) n. ความหยาบ, ความไม่ละมุนละม่อม, ความรุนแรง (อากาศ) , ความลำบาก, Syn. crossness, Ant. smoothness | | asperse | (อัสเพิร์ส') vt. ใส่ร้าย, ป้ายร้าย, พรมน้ำ -asperser n. -aspersive adj. | | aspersion | (อัสเพอ'เชิน, -เชิน) n. ข้อกล่าวหา, การใส่ร้าย, การป้ายร้าย, การพรมน้ำมนต์ | | aspersorium | (แอสเพอซอ'เรียม) n., (pl. -ria, -riums) ภาชนะใส่น้ำมนตร์, aspergillum | | clasper | n. ขอเกี่ยว, กระดุม, ที่เกี่ยว, สิ่งเลื้อยพัน | | exasperate | (อิกแซส'พะเรท) vt. ทำให้โกรธเคืองมาก, เพิ่มความรุนแรง, ยั่วโทสะมาก, See also: exasperation n. ดูexasperate exasperatedly adv. ดูexasperate, Syn. exacerbate | | exasperating | (อิกแซส'พะเรทิง) adj. ซึ่งโกรธเคืองมาก, น่าโมโหมาก, ซึ่งยั่วโทสะมาก., Syn. annoying | | jasper | n. หินควอตว์จำพวกโมราชนิดหนึ่ง |
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| | aspect | (n) ท่าทาง, รูปร่างหน้าตา, ลักษณะ, รูปการ, เกณฑ์, ทิศทาง | | asperity | (n) ความรุนแรง, ความหยาบ, ความกระด้าง | | asperse | (vt) กล่าวหา, ใส่ร้ายป้ายสี, แพร่ข่าวเท็จ | | aspersion | (n) การกล่าวหา, การใส่ร้าย, ข่าวเท็จ | | clasper | (n) ขอเกี่ยว, กระดุม, ตัวเกี่ยว | | exasperate | (vt) ทำให้โกรธ, ทำให้เคือง, ทำให้โมโห, ทำให้ฉุนเฉียว | | exasperation | (n) ความโกรธเคือง, ความโมโหฉุนเฉียว | | jasper | (n) นิล, หินโมรา |
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| | | Aspect ratio | อัตรากว้างยาว, Example: เป็นคำที่ใช้ในงานคอมพิวเตอร์กราฟิกเพื่อใช้แสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างความกว้างของภาพวัตถุเทียบกับความสูง อัตราส่วนนี้มีความสำคัญมาก เพราะจุดภาพที่ปรากฎบนจอภาพนั้นอาจจะมีระยะแนวนอนกับแนวตั้งต่างกัน ถ้าหากไม่คำนวณอัตรานี้ให้ถูกต้องเวลาเราใช้โปรแกรมวาดภาพวงกลม อาจจะได้วงรีแทนก็ได้ [คอมพิวเตอร์] | | Agreement on Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectural Property Rights (1994) | ความตกลงว่าด้วยสิทธิในทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาที่เกี่ยวกับการค้า (ค.ศ. 1994) [TU Subject Heading] | | Aspect | การณ์ลักษณะ [เทคโนโลยีการศึกษา] | | Asperger syndrome | กลุ่มอาการแอสเพอร์เกอร์ [TU Subject Heading] | | Aspergillosis | โรคราแอสเพอร์จิลลัส [TU Subject Heading] | | Aspergillus | แอสเพอร์จิลลัส [TU Subject Heading] | | Aspergillus flavus | แอสเพอร์จิลลัส ฟลาวัส [TU Subject Heading] | | Aspergillus niger | แอสเพอร์จิลลัส ไนเจอร์ [TU Subject Heading] | | Economic aspects | แง่เศรษฐกิจ [TU Subject Heading] | | Educational aspects | แง่การศึกษา [TU Subject Heading] | | Environmental aspects | แง่สิ่งแวดล้อม [TU Subject Heading] | | Genetic aspects | แง่พันธุศาสตร์ [TU Subject Heading] | | Health aspects | แง่สุขภาพและอนามัย [TU Subject Heading] | | Immunological aspects | แง่ภูมิคุ้มกันวิทยา [TU Subject Heading] | | Moral and ethical aspects | แง่ศีลธรรมจรรยา [TU Subject Heading] | | Nutritional aspects | แง่โภชนาการ [TU Subject Heading] | | Physiological aspects | แง่สรีรวิทยา [TU Subject Heading] | | Political aspects | แง่การเมือง [TU Subject Heading] | | Psychic aspects | แง่จิตวิญญาณ [TU Subject Heading] | | Psychological aspects | แง่จิตวิทยา [TU Subject Heading] | | Religious aspects | แง่ศาสนา [TU Subject Heading] | | Social aspects | แง่สังคม [TU Subject Heading] | | Sociological aspects | แง่สังคมวิทยา [TU Subject Heading] | | Strategic aspects | แง่ยุทธศาสตร์ [TU Subject Heading] | | Streblus asper Laur | ข่อย [TU Subject Heading] | | Symbolic aspects | แง่สัญลักษณ์ [TU Subject Heading] | | Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | หมายถึง สิทธิในทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาที่เกี่ยวกับการค้า เช่น เครื่องหมายการค้า (trademark) ลิขสิทธิ์ (copyrights) และสิทธิบัตร (patent) เป็นต้น [การทูต] | | Aspergilla | เชื้อแอสเปอร์จิลลา [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillic Acid | กรดแอสเปอร์จิลลิก [การแพทย์] | | Aspergilloma | แอสเปอร์จิลโลมา [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillosis | แอสเปอร์จิลโลซิส, โรค; แอสเปอร์จิลโลซิส; แอสเพอร์จิลโลซิส [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillosis, Cerebral | โรคที่สมองจากเชื้อแอสเปอร์จิลลัส [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillus | แอสเปอร์จิลลัส, เชื้อรา; แอสเพอจิลลัส; แอสเปอร์จิลลัส; แอสเปอจิลลัส [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillus Flavus | แอสเปอร์จิลลัส ฟลาวัส, เชื้อราแอสเพอจิลัสฟลาวัส, แอสเปอจิลลัสฟลาวัส, เชื้อราแอสเพอรจิลัสฟลาวัส, แอสเพอจิลลัสฟลาวัส, แอสเปอร์จิลลัสฟลาวัส [การแพทย์] | | Aspermatogenesis | ไม่มีเชื้ออสุจิ [การแพทย์] | | Aspermia | น้ำอสุจิไม่มีเชื้ออสุจิ [การแพทย์] | | Biochemical Aspect | ลักษณะทางชีวเคมี, ชีวเคมี [การแพทย์] | | Biological Aspects | ด้านชีวภาพ, ลักษณะทางชีววิทยา [การแพทย์] | | Clinical Aspects | ลักษณะทางคลีนิค [การแพทย์] | | Dorsomedial Aspect | ด้านหลังเยื้องมาตรงกลาง [การแพทย์] | | Aspergillus flavus | แอสเพอจิลลัสฟลาวัส, เชื้อรา ซึ่งผลิตสารมีพิษเรียกว่าอะฟลาทอกซิน เชื้อราชนิดนี้ชอบเจริญตามเมล็ดพืช เช่น ถั่วลิสง ข้าวโพด ข้าวเจ้า ถั่วเหลือง และเมล็ดพืชที่มีน้ำมัน [พจนานุกรมศัพท์ สสวท.] | | Gasper, Allergic | อ้าปากหายใจ [การแพทย์] |
| | Climatic aspects in urban design—a case study | (n, vi, vt, modal, ver) Climatic aspects in urban design—a case study Isaac G. Capeluto, , A. Yezioro and E. Shaviv Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel Received 11 December 2001; revised 13 February 2002; accepted 21 February 2002.; Available online 4 April 2002. Abstract We present a case study of a design of a new business district in Tel Aviv city. In this work climatic aspects were taken into consideration in the very early design stages. For that purpose, two models SustArc (Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997, p. 148) and FLUENT 5.0.2 (Fluent's User's Guide, Fluent Inc., NH, USA, 1999) were applied in order to achieve solar and wind rights. The new business district was designed as a high-density urban area and is located near an old low-rise residential quarter. SustArc was used as a design tool to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build without violating the solar rights of existing residential neighborhood, the main avenues and the pedestrian sidewalks. FLUENT, on the other hand, was implemented as an evaluative tool, in a trial and error method, until a design solution could be achieved, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. The paper presents the process of sun and wind controlled planning, as well as the recommendations. Author Keywords: Solar rights; Wind rights; Urban design; Design tools Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Sun, winds and urban design 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district 4. Planning control for sun access 5. Planning control for wind access and protection 6. Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements References 1. Introduction During the conceptual design phase of urban districts, the designer deals with different geometrical characteristics related to the building's height and width, in relation to the open spaces and the pedestrian sidewalks. New buildings may create a different microclimate, like changing the wind regime and shading of existing neighborhoods, as well as in the new district. To protect solar rights, as well as wind rights, is a complex task. Moreover, tolerable winds should be achieved along the pedestrian sidewalks. The determination of a preferable design solution becomes specially complicated due to mutual influences. On the other hand, ignoring the solar rights at the stage of the preparation of the master plan may cause discomfort conditions around the buildings beyond repair. Different design tools for solar insolation conscious design were developed. We can classify these tools into generation tools and evaluation tools. The generative design tools aid to define the proper geometry. Some examples are [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ] for determining solar rights. These tools generate nomograms that present all possible solutions to a given problem. These nomograms are called “Solar Envelopes”. The evaluation tools, on the other hand, analyze the performance of a given design. Some examples are Kroner and Abrey [ 7 ], Yezioro and Shaviv [ 8 and 9 ] and Capeluto and Shaviv [ 5 ] for evaluating solar rights for buildings and in open spaces among them. Heliodons are also used to evaluate the proposed design, namely a scaled down 3D physical model examined in the laboratory. For microclimate and wind rights conscious design, there are today only evaluative design tools. These are either wind tunnel studies, or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. The CFD models are very powerful, require heavy calculations, but provide detailed results that can show clearly the defects in suggested designs. As a result, new design alternatives may be thought of and re-evaluated, until a good and satisfactory design is achieved. In the design of the new business district in Tel Aviv (Fig. 1), we have used SustArc, as the design tool to evaluate the proposed design (Fig. 2). We have also used SustArc to create the solar envelope that shows the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build while keeping the solar rights of the existing neighborhood (Fig. 5). We used FLUENT to evaluate the existing situation, the proposed solution and the mitigation design, in which the wind rights to the residential neighborhood were preserved, while ensuring tolerable winds along the pedestrian sidewalks ( Fig. 8 and Fig. 9). The paper presents the design process along with the different design tools implemented to create the solutions and to simulate and evaluate the proposed design. Using these tools we could develop rules and design guidelines that ensure proper insolation and ventilation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as creating good microclimatic conditions inside the new business district. Display Full Size version of this image (63K) Fig. 1. An aerial view of the business district. Display Full Size version of this image (24K) Fig. 2. Sun-view presenting the shading of the main green avenue (the area adjacent to the tall buildings from the right) and the residential neighborhood (the long square on the right). 2. Sun, winds and urban design There are many places in which urban design take into consideration solar rights and winds protection. Let us mention a few: New York, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and San Francisco, in the USA, Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, London, Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto, in Canada [ 10 ]. Many tall buildings were built during the past in all of the above cities. These tall buildings caused different problems, like shading, loss of daylight, and creation of strong winds around the tall buildings on one hand, and at the same time avoid good ventilation by creating wind stagnation at some parts around them. From the accumulating experience, the city leaders and designers recognized the need to control the changes in the microclimatic conditions created by a proposed design. In many cities, large projects, including tall buildings, require wind studies, as well as shading evaluation. Nevertheless, in most places, the planning control for wind protection and solar insolation are not mandatory and are not imposed by standards, but rather open to negotiations with the developers. Defining urban standards can be carried on along three different approaches [ 10 ]: Prescriptive and descriptive standards, in which the exact physical solution is given. For example, the specific maximum height of buildings in the inner city neighborhood of San Francisco is dictated along with the angle of the slope of a plan that cut the upper floors further from the street. Performance standards, in which the expected performance of the design is given. For example, Boston zoning ordinance dictates for some downtown areas, that “No net increase in shadow is permitted between 8 a.m. and 2.30 p.m.”. In San Francisco for example a performance standard is set for the maximum allowed wind velocity so that “a building form which causes wind speeds to exceed 11 miles/h in areas where people walk and 7 miles/h in areas where people sit, should not be used”. Discretionary review, in which a comprehensive study is required as part of the environmental impact study (EIS) process. For example, in New York, sponsors of large development projects are required to conduct wind studies. The expected wind velocities in new or existing open spaces shall not exceed the mean wind velocity in existing comparable open spaces. There are not yet urban standards and legislation in Israel about how much a building can shade neighboring buildings, open spaces, or what is the maximum allowed wind speed. As for solar rights, we were contracted to develop legislation [ 11 ] and we hope that our future recommendations will be imposed. However, in many cities, the Israeli ministry of the environment demands from every developer, who intends to build high-rise buildings, a discretionary review for winds and shading, as part of the EIS. As there are not yet urban standards, the results of the study are not always imposed on the project. The shading study is usually an evaluation process, carried by different computer codes, while the wind assessment is in most cases a wind tunnel study. In the following chapter we shall demonstrate the approach to deal with planning control for sun access and wind access and protection [ 12 ] that was carried out in the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. 3. Planning control for sun and winds in a new business district A new business district is being planned in the heart of Tel Aviv on an area of 250, 000 m2. The urban density was changed from 200% to 450%. As a result, the developers wish to build in the area many high-rise buildings 40 stories and above. Existing low-rise residential buildings that surround this new business district will be affected by the high-rise buildings (see Fig. 1). The new master plan of this district was not approved yet, and the residents of neighboring communities can submit objections to the new plan, which they did. The designers of the Tel Aviv City planning department produced a 3D model of the site, in which they assumed that all developers would build the maximum allowed (a likely outcome). The model allows the visualization of the spatial drawbacks in the preliminary design. In particular, it was found that the new buildings create a high wall that would deprive the sun and winds (coming mainly from west) from the existing buildings (Fig. 2). Therefore, the designers of Tel Aviv City planning department decided to adopt certain rules for the design of this new business district so as to ensure sun and winds in the existing residential neighborhood. The Tel Aviv climate is hot and humid, and the sea breeze helps in summer to bring about thermal comfort in open spaces, as well as indoors. Therefore, the proposed high-rise buildings should not block the sea breeze. Moreover, tall buildings can create strong winds at the foot of the buildings. This fact complicates the situation, as near tall buildings the wind velocity may change very fast from extremely strong wind to no breeze at all. The sun in Tel Aviv is undesirable in summer but it can cause any open space and parks to be a very pleasant and enjoyable place to stay in winter. Therefore, permanent shading, even if needed in summer, compromises winter sun. A dynamic solution, like shading open spaces and sidewalks in summer by deciduous trees that supply winter insolation, is preferred. In general, at least one pedestrian sidewalk should be exposed to winter sun to provide thermal comfort in winter. The other sidewalk, which is shaded by the building in winter, can be protected from the summer sun by permanent shading devices, or by evergreen trees. On top of it, in Israel there is a requirement by law, for every residential unit, to have solar panels for hot water. It is mandatory, therefore, that these panels will be exposed to the sun the year around. 4. Planning control for sun access “Solar Rights Envelope” defines the space of all possible solutions for the determination of a design that does not violate the solar rights of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year (See Fig. 3). The model SustArc creates such an envelope [ 5 and 6 ]. Display Full Size version of this image (18K) Fig. 3. The solar rights envelope. In the design of the new business district, the use of solar envelopes was recommended to protect the solar rights. The requirement was to achieve solar access during the entire winter, between 8 a.m. and 3.00 p.m., in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the main avenue that is the only existing green open area. The solar envelope that fulfills the above requirement, as well as the obtained shape of the buildings under this envelope, are presented in Fig. 4. Display Full Size version of this image (11K) Fig. 4. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the main green open space. Although the requirements were only to ensure solar access to the residential neighborhood, we added the demand that the main two avenues from west to east will be exposed to the sun during the same period. This is in order to ensure that the morning and afternoon walk from the railway station to work, is in the sun (see Fig. 6). On top of it, we required that the main inner street parallel to the main green avenue would have solar access during lunchtime from 12.00 to 13.00. These requirements will allow the people to enjoy walking in the sun to the two avenues (A and B in Fig. 6) that lead them to the main green avenue, to have lunch in the garden, or in the planned restaurants along the green avenue. Fig. 5 presents the solar envelope that was accepted as design guidelines for the relocation or reshaping of the tall buildings in the business district. All buildings higher than this envelope (these are the buildings that can be seen above the net of the envelope) must be displaced to another location, or should be reshaped (see Fig. 6). This is a descriptive approach, in which all possible consistent solutions are given in advance. However, we mixed the descriptive approach with the performance one, by allowing some exceptions, as long as the shading caused by these buildings is not above a given standard. But, till such standard will exist, a discretionary review approach might be necessary. Display Full Size version of this image (36K) Fig. 5. The solar envelope that ensure solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Display Full Size version of this image (22K) Fig. 6. The maximum allowed floors for each building, keeping solar rights in the existing residential neighborhoods as well as in the main avenues and streets. Based on these design guidelines a new scheme was suggested by the city planners, that follows the solar envelope (see Fig. 7). Until now, few tall buildings have already been relocated and reshaped, so that they will not stick out from the given solar envelope. Display Full Size version of this image (33K) Fig. 7. Design guidelines on building mass as proposed by the city planners. View from south–east. 5. Planning control for wind access and protection Contrary to other cities, where the requirements were only to protect from high wind velocity around tall buildings, the demand in our case was to ensure good ventilation to the residential neighborhood located east to the business center. The situation today is, that in the business district, most of the buildings are seven floors high and are in a very bad physical condition. Therefore, the majority of the buildings should be demolished and replaced by new ones. The only exception is the first row of buildings near the freeway that are seven floors and new. Today, one can feel in the neighboring residential quarter the good breeze coming from the west. The proposed new tall buildings, thirty floors and above, may block the breeze. As a result, the residents of this quarter objected to the new design on the ground of wind rights. The question that was raised, therefore, was what should be the ventilation corridors inside the business district tissue, so that good natural ventilation will remain in the residential neighborhood, as well as in the new business district. This fact complicated the situation, as in many design alternatives the very solution for ensuring the breeze in the residential quarter, may cause excessive winds in the business district (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). There are not yet design tools that can create the envelope of all possible solutions that satisfy wind requirements, or wind protection. Therefore, performance approach and evaluation technique were applied by using a CFD simulation model FLUENT 5.0.2 [ 13 ]. We required the following: wind velocity in the main avenues and streets should be in summer at least 2 m/s in walking areas, and 1 m/s in sitting areas. In winter, wind velocity in the main green avenue should not be higher than 5 m/s in walking areas and 3.5 m/s in sitting areas. In other streets, where people move fast, it can reach up to 9 m/s . In the residential neighborhood, the breeze should be similar to what exists today. FLUENT is a very powerful tool. It requires heavy calculations, but gives detailed results that can show the wind pattern in any plan or cross-section (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). We used FLUENT with the k– turbulence model, to evaluate the existing situation. We compared it with the proposed design (Fig. 9) and with the design based on the solar envelope ( Fig. 10). Many different design alternatives were proposed and evaluated, until a design solution was found, in which the wind rights of the residential neighborhood are preserved while ensuring tolerable winds inside the business district. As the buildings are not yet designed, and for the master plan only general information about the mass of the buildings is required, we assumed simple shapes, and conducted parametric evaluation, in order to find the influence of each design option on the wind pattern. Also, as the simulations are CPU time intensive, we shorten the evaluation procedure by presenting in the same plan different widths for the ventilation corridors, as well as different widths for the north–south streets. In this way we could learn from the same run, what is the preferred width of the ventilation corridors. Fig. 8 presents the standard meteorological wind measurements on site, 10 m above the ground. From this figure one learns that the desired winds in the hot seasons come mainly from the west and northwest and in general the wind velocity is about 3.5 m/s. To ensure wind rights, we carried simulations for these two directions. In all simulations we assumed a wind profile appropriate for the urban roughness and wind velocity of 3.5 m/s at the entrance. Display Full Size version of this image (21K) Fig. 8. The wind rose as measured in site. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show few of the simulations results and only for winds coming from the west. In general, the wind coming from northwest gave better results than what is shown here. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 top left present the existing situation; i.e. all buildings are seven floors high. The widths of the north–south streets are 16 and 36 m according to the existing situation and widths of the east–west streets are 36, 24 and 12 m. The latter are the ventilation corridors that should allow the sea breeze to reach the residential neighborhood. According to the wind pattern obtained, we required that the north–south streets should be at least 36 m in order not to have wind stagnation in the street. The ventilation corridors should be at least 24 m, preferable 36 m. For the 12 m wide ventilation corridor, the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood is too low, even in the existing situation of seven floors high buildings. Therefore, we defined the wind pattern examined area as the area east to the 24 and 36 m ventilation corridors only. Based on these recommendations ventilation corridors were designed and required by the city planners (see Fig. 11). Display Full Size version of this image (80K) Fig. 9. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design. Bottom—parametric analysis. Display Full Size version of this image (79K) Fig. 10. Simulating winds in the business district by using FLUENT: Top left—existing situation. Top right—proposed design according to the Solar envelope section. Bottom left—parametric analysis: Seven floors buildings along the pathway. Bottom right—parametric analysis: Adding trees at the entrance of the ventilation corridor. Display Full Size version of this image (16K) Fig. 11. Ventilation corridors as requested by the city planners. Fig. 9 presents the simulation results for the proposed design (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that cutting the building in 45ฐ at the exit of the business district, improves the ventilation in both the main green avenue and the residential neighborhood (bottom left). On the other hand, changing the plan of the middle tower from square to round deteriorates the microclimate conditions. Fig. 10 presents the simulation results for the proposed design according to the solar envelope section (top right) and parametric analysis for mitigation (bottom left and right). We can see that the design according the solar envelope preserves also the wind rights. However, the wind velocity along the east–west pathway is too high, and should be reduced. Adding seven floors high buildings along the 36 m wide pathway, reduces the high velocity wind speed in this pathway, but also reduces a little bit the wind velocity in the residential neighborhood. Adding trees at the entrance to the ventilation corridors reduces the wind velocity inside the ventilation corridors, and also in the residential neighborhood. However, the wind pattern obtained is quite satisfactory (bottom right). 6. Summary and conclusions This work presents a case study in which, for the first time, the solar rights envelope was used in Israel for the design of a new business district in Tel Aviv, keeping solar rights in a high-density urban area. Using this solar envelope we could determine the maximum allowed heights of the buildings that ensure proper insolation in the existing residential neighborhood as well as in the new business district and the main green avenue. The requirement to build under the solar envelope is a prescriptive/descriptive approach. To protect both, the solar and wind rights, the solar envelope was created first, this envelope was then evaluated using a CFD technique to ensure the wind rights and tolerable winds inside the business district. From the many simulations performed (only few of them shown here) we found that it is not easy to use the prescriptive/descriptive approach, as was done in the solar rights requirement. Only for the determination of the geometry of the ventilation corridors to ensure wind rights, such an approach can be applied. However, for the wind control, a standard performance approach should be applied. This is because the winds pattern depends on the exact geometry of all buildings around. Changing the geometry of one building can influence the wind pattern around other buildings. Therefore, performance standards should be established, and the wind pattern around the building should be evaluated against these standards, by certified tools and users. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the fund for promotion of research at the Technion. Research Number 022.732, and 022.751. References 1. F. Arumi, Computer-aided energy design for buildings. In: D. Watson, Editor, Energy conservation through building design, McGraw-Hill, New York (1979). 2. Shaviv E. Design tools for solar rights and sun-shades determination. Proceedings of the Ninth National Passive Solar Conference ASES, Boulder, CO, 1984. p. 14–9. 3. Wright R, Hoinkes R. Computational issues in urban design: developing a strategy for solar impact assessment. In: Flemming, Wyk, editors. CAAD futures. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1993. 4. Schiler M, Ueng-Fang P. Solvelope: an interactive computer program for defining and drawing solar envelopes. 18th National Passive Solar Conference-ASES, Washington, DC, 1993. 5. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban grids and fabric with solar rights considerations. Proceedings of the ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, Korea, 1997. p. 148–60. 6. Capeluto IG, Shaviv E. Modeling the design of urban fabric with solar rights consideration. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. p. 1341–7. 7. Kroner WM, Abrey D. From the sun's point of view. Proceedings of the 10th National Passive Solar Conference, Ralleigh, North Carolina, USA, 1985. 8. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. A Design tool for analyzing mutual shading between buildings, Solar energy, Vol. 52, No. 1. USA: Pergamon Press, 1994. p. 27–37. 9. Yezioro A, Shaviv E. Shading: analyzing mutual shading among buildings. IBPSA 99, Kyoto, Japan, 1999. 10. Bosselmann P, Arens E, Dunker K, Wright R. Sun, wind, and pedestrian comfort. A study of Toronto's central area. Center for Environmental Design Research, University of California at Berkeley and Center for Landscape Architecture Research, University of Toronto. The Department of Planning and Development, City of Toronto, 1991. 11. Shaviv E, Capeluto IG, Yezioro A. Solar rights in high density urban design. Research Proposal No. 022.732, Ministry of Housing, Israel, 2001. 12. HELIOS Climate Energy CAD and Architecture Ltd. Urban climatic design of a new business district in Tel Aviv. Internal Report, 2000 [ in Hebrew ]. 13. FLUENT Inc. Fluent user's guide. NH, USA: Fluent Inc., 1999. Corresponding author. Tel.: +972-4-829-4013; fax: +972-4-829-4617 Building and Environment Volume 38, Issue 6, June 2003, Pages 827-835 |
| | Aspen? | แอสเพนเหรอ? Endgame (2013) | | Oh. | Nein, hasperat. Indiscretion (1995) | | JASPER: | JASPER: Storks (2016) | | Come on, Jasper. Come and take some of that fat off. | มาเถอะ เเจสเปอร์ ไปเดินเล่นเผาผลาญไขมันกัน Rebecca (1940) | | Jasper! Here. Not that way! | แจสเปอร์อย่าไปทางนั้น มานี่! Rebecca (1940) | | That's Jasper. There must be something wrong. - Perhaps he's hurt himself. | นั่นแจสเปอร์นี่ ต้องเกิดอะไรขึ้นเเน่มันดูบาดเจ็บ Rebecca (1940) | | Jasper! Jasper? | แจสเปอร์! Rebecca (1940) | | What do you want in there, Jasper? Come on. Come on home. | เเกหาอะไรในนั้น แจสเปอร์ มาเถอะ กลับบ้านกัน Rebecca (1940) | | Let's go home. Jasper... | เเจสเปอร์เเจส-- Rebecca (1940) | | Come on, Jasper. | มานี่ แจสเปอร์ Rebecca (1940) | | Come on, Jasper. | มาเถอะ เเจสเปอร์ Rebecca (1940) | | I'm sorry I was such a time, but I had to find a rope for Jasper. | ขอโทษค่ะที่มาช้า แต่ฉันต้องหาเชือกล่ามเเจสเปอร์ไว้ Rebecca (1940) | | Hurry up, Jasper, for heaven's sake. | - เร็วสิวะ เเจสเปอร์ Rebecca (1940) | | Here, let me have Jasper. | - มา ผมจูงเเจสเปอร์เอง Rebecca (1940) | | There was a man there, a queer sort of person. Jasper kept barking at him. | มีผู้ชายอยู่ที่นั่นท่าทางแปลกๆ เเจสเปอร์เอาแต่เห่าใส่เขา Rebecca (1940) | | Jasper, come here. | - เเจสเปอร์มานี่ Rebecca (1940) | | Jasper, be quiet. | เเจสเปอร์เงียบ Rebecca (1940) | | We mustn't lead the young bride astray, must we, Jasper? | เราต้องไม่ทําให้เจ้าสาว ออกนอกลู่นอกทางใช่มั้ย แจสเปอร์ Rebecca (1940) | | But it can be very, very exasperating. | เเต่มันเป็นเรื่องน่าหงุดหงิดมากๆ Rebecca (1940) | | Leaving the production aspects to his technicians, | เขาได้ทิ้งแนวคิดเอาไว้ เพื่อให้ช่างเทคนิคทำตาม Night and Fog (1956) | | I think Christ grasped that, and I have seen it work. | พระเจ้าทรงเข้าใจและผมเห็นว่าได้ผล Gandhi (1982) | | You are authorized to observe other aspects of our mission. | คุณมีสิทธิ์ที่จะสังเกตเห็น ด้านอื่น ๆ ของภารกิจของเรา 2010: The Year We Make Contact (1984) | | - Also qualified in aspects of engineering. | - มีคุณสมบัตินอกจากนี้ในด้านของวิศวกรรม The Russia House (1990) | | There'd just be the good aspects of him which-- | เขาคงแสดงออกแต่ด้านดี... Schindler's List (1993) | | - Don't be exasperated. | - อย่าเพิ่งโมโหซิ Don Juan DeMarco (1994) | | My vows to God do not allow me to talk... about certain aspects of my past. | ฉันปฏิญาณตัวต่อพระเจ้าไม่อนุญาตให้ฉันพูด เกี่ยวกับอดีตของฉัน Don Juan DeMarco (1994) | | They were assigned to analyze every aspect in detail of our criminal. | พวกเขามีหน้าที่วิเคราะห์รูปแบบ และรายละเอียดของอาชญากร Ghost in the Shell (1995) | | That's one aspect of what we do. | นั่นก็เป็นงานหนึ่งของเรา Good Will Hunting (1997) | | - I thought you were fast. - Aspetta! | เดินเป็นเต่าคลานอยู่ได้ Titanic (1997) | | You're so exasperating! You change your mind the whole time! | เธอนี่ชอบทำให้โกรธอยู่เรื่อย เธอปเลี่ยนใจอยู่ตลอดเวลา Show Me Love (1998) | | Or the wet choke when someone gasped and sprayed... | หรือทอมมี่ ฮิลฟิเกอร์บอกว่าควรจะเป็น นี่เป็นลักษณะของชายชาตรีเหรอเนี่ย? (หัวเราะ) Fight Club (1999) | | - Such aspects of teaching | -ลักษณะดังกล่าวจากการเรียนการสอน GTO (1999) | | Covered. She was in Aspen at the time. | ได้ครอบคลุมหมด ตอนนี้เธออยู่ที่แอสเพ็น Legally Blonde (2001) | | The point is to let the audience in on all aspects of your life. | จุดคือการให้ผู้ชมในทุกแง่มุมของชีวิตของคุณ Showtime (2002) | | All the ladies in the room just gasped. | พยาบาลทุกคนอ้าปากค้าง Signs (2002) | | I mean, they literally gasped. | อ้าปากค้างจริงๆนะ Signs (2002) | | Thus, the answer was stumbled upon by another, an intuitive program initially created to investigate certain aspects of the human psyche. | Thus, the answer was stumbled upon by another, an intuitive program... ... initiallycreatedto investigate certain aspects of the human psyche. The Matrix Reloaded (2003) | | There is a number hidden in every act of life, in every aspect of the universe. | มีตัวเลขจำนวนหนึ่งซ่อนอยู่ในทุกการกระทำในชีวิต ทุกๆแง่มุมของจักรวาล 21 Grams (2003) | | It's a protein... secreted by a fungus called Aspergillus Ticor. | หลั่งออกมาจากเชื้อราชื่อ แอสเปอร์จิลลัส ไทคอร์ Primer (2004) | | Aspergillus Ticor. | แอสเปอร์จิลลัส ไทคอร์ Primer (2004) | | This is how I get protein A out of Aspergillus Ticor. We sweeten it. | นี่คือวิธีที่ฉันสกัดเอาโปรตีนเอ ออกจากแอสเปอร์จิลลัส ไทคอร์ เราเติมน้ำตาลเข้าไป Primer (2004) | | Little trick I picked up when I was waiting tables in Aspen, Colorado, which I did for two summers. | เคล็ดลับเล็กๆที่ผมได้มา ตอนที่ผมนั่งรออาหารร้านแอสเพิน โคโลราโด Mr. Monk and the Game Show (2004) | | Then my sis left, met a rough-neck and moved to Casper. | จากนั้นพี่สาวเราก็ไปคบกับพวกอันธพาลแล้วก็ย้ายไปอยู่ที่แคสเปอร์ Brokeback Mountain (2005) | | It's alright. I have grasped you. | ไม่เป็นไร ฉันจับคุณอยู่ Train Man (2005) | | It's alright. I have grasped you. | ไม่เป็นไรค่ะ ฉันจับตัวคุณไว้แล้ว Train Man (2005) | | What were you thinking shooting Casper in the face, you freak ? | นายคิดอะไรอยู่ ยิงแคสเปอรืเข้าที่หน้าแงเหรอ บ้าอ๊ะป่าว? Pilot (2005) | | These are some of the important aspects for the preparation of TaeJa's wedding. | นี่เป็นลักษณะที่สำคัญของการเตรียมงานแต่งงานของเจ้าชายรัชทายาท Episode #1.1 (2006) | | Say, buddy, not to cast aspersions on your survival instincts or nothing, but haven't mammoths pretty much gone extinct? | พูดเถอะ เพื่อน ไม่ได้กล่าวหาสัญชาตญาณ การเอาชีวิตรอด หรืออะไรหรอก แต่ไม่มี แมมมอท มากเท่าไหร่ที่สูญพันธ์ Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006) | | Child, the most powerful aspect of wushu | โธ่... เด็กหน้อเด็ก ฟังนะพลังที่ได้จากการฝึก วูซู Fearless (2006) | | Yes, I, uh - I gather the president has clasped you to his bosom. | ได้ยินมาว่าคุณเป็นคนสนิทของทานประธานาธิบดี The Last King of Scotland (2006) |
| | aspe | The other grasped his arm. | | aspe | The swimmer raised his head and gasped for breath. | | aspe | The drowning man grasped at the rope. | | aspe | She sighed and clasped her hands tightly together. | | aspe | The situation has taken on a new aspect. | | aspe | We must consider the financial aspects of this project. | | aspe | We must consider the question from every aspect. | | aspe | It's not only the health aspects of sports that appeal to people, but the cooperative aspect that team sports teach, and the competitive aspect in itself. | | aspe | I grasped the entire structure of his argument. | | aspe | "One aspect of language is an intent to communicate," he says. | | aspe | He grasped the rope with two hands. | | aspe | Few, if any, Americans grasped the significance of what had been accomplished. | | aspe | As the house has a southern aspect, it is very sunny. | | aspe | That altered the aspect of the case. | | aspe | The mother clasped her baby to her breast. | | aspe | He grasped her meaning clearly. | | aspe | I grasped the whole meaning of the book by reading. | | aspe | I grasped the rope so as not to fall. | | aspe | The drunken man grasped my collar and swore at me. | | aspe | The critic considered every aspect of the defense program. | | aspe | He was a very kind man, but his verbosity was exasperating. | | aspe | I readily grasped at his proposal. | | aspe | We must consider every aspect of the problem. | | aspe | The handle came away from the door when I grasped it. | | aspe | We must examine the various aspects. | | aspe | And as with so many aspects of British life, there's a good historical reason for it. | | aspe | He stressed the convenient aspects of city life. | | aspe | Let's approach this problem from a different aspect. | | aspe | The opportunity was grasped at immediately. | | aspe | He was a man of cheerful aspect. | | aspe | Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. | | aspe | "Let me ask you something, Dad," she began, in a tone of patiently controlled exasperation that every experienced parent is familiar with. | | aspe | We studied Greek culture from various aspects. | | aspe | The house has a southern aspect. | | aspe | She clasped my hands and said she was glad to see me. | | aspe | She gasped out the news. | | aspe | I gasped with surprise at the horrible picture of the starving people. | | aspe | The boy clasped the puppy to his chest. |
| | ทุกแง่ทุกมุม | (n) every aspect, See also: looked at from all directions, seen from all angles, Example: เขาได้เห็นชีวิตมาทุกแง่ทุกมุมแล้ว | | บางประการ | (n) some aspects, See also: some measures, Ant. ทุกประการ, Example: องค์กรแรงงานได้รับสิทธิสามารถดำเนินมาตรการบางประการเพื่อปกป้องผลประโยชน์ของกรรมกรได้ | | ข้อสำคัญ | (n) important aspect, See also: important factor, Syn. สิ่งสำคัญ, Example: หัวนมแตกมักจะเกิดจากการดูดนมไม่ถูกต้อง ควรจะปรึกษาแพทย์ และข้อสำคัญขณะเด็กดูดนมอย่าให้เด็กใช้ฟันกัดบนหัวนม, Thai Definition: เรื่องที่พิเศษกว่าธรรมดา, เรื่องที่ควรใส่ใจมากกว่าปกติ | | กระทงความ | (n) point, See also: argument, sense, aspect, statement, Example: คำพูดทุกกระทงความที่ออกมาจากปากชายผู้นี้ เป็นเสมือนการตอกย้ำความรู้สึกที่เจ็บปวดของผู้ฟัง, Thai Definition: ตอนหนึ่งๆ ของข้อความ | | อภิธรรม | (n) one book of the Tripitaka, See also: philosophic aspect of the Teaching of the Buddha, Syn. พระอภิธรรมปิฎก, Example: แนวความคิดดังกล่าวนี้อยู่ในแนวคำสอนชั้นสูงของพระพุทธเจ้า ที่เรียกกันว่า อภิธรรม, Thai Definition: ชื่อปิฎกหนึ่งในพระไตรปิฎก, Notes: (บาลี/สันสกฤต) | | รูปโฉม | (n) looks, See also: appearance, aspect, mien, figure, form, Syn. รูปโฉมโนมพรรณ, Example: ขุนแผนมีรูปโฉมเป็นที่ต้องตาต้องใจแก่ผู้พบเห็น | | จริตจะก้าน | (n) manner, See also: conduct, behaviour, air, bearing, demeanour, aspect, Syn. จริต, Example: แกคงถูกสอนมาให้มีจริตจะก้านแบบหญิงไทย, Thai Definition: กิริยาหรือวาจาที่แสดงออกอย่างมีการปรุงแต่ง | | แง่มุม | (n) part, See also: aspect, angle, viewpoint, point of view, slant, Syn. มุมมอง, ส่วน, ประเด็น, Example: ผู้ร่วมสัมมนาเสนอความเห็นในแง่มุมต่างๆ | | มุมมอง | (n) view point, See also: angle, aspect, point of view, Syn. ข้อคิดเห็น, แง่มุม, ความคิดเห็น, แง่คิด, ทัศนคติ, ทรรศนะ, Example: แม้เวลาผ่านมากว่า 2 ทศวรรษแล้วก็ตามแต่มุมมองของท่านยังร่วมสมัยอยู่ไม่น้อย, Count Unit: มุมมอง, Thai Definition: ความคิดเห็นเกี่ยวกับสิ่งต่างๆซึ่งแต่ละคนมีต่างกัน | | มุมกลับ | (n) another point of view, See also: reflection, aspect, idea, thought, notion, Syn. แง่คิด, ทัศนะ, ความคิดเห็น, Example: ปัญหาเรื่องของการว่างงานยังเป็นเรื่องที่ถูกสะท้อนมุมกลับว่ารัฐบาลไม่จริงใจต่อการแก้ปัญหา, Thai Definition: แง่คิดหรือทัศนะนัยหนึ่ง | | เปลือกนอก | (n) appearance, See also: look, feature, aspect, Syn. ภายนอก, รูปลักษณ์, หน้าตา, Example: การเข้ารับตำแหน่งของบุคคลทั้งสามนี้ถ้าดูจากภาพของเปลือกนอกแล้วก็น่าจะพอรับได้, Thai Definition: ลักษณะที่เห็นภายนอก | | ฮึกฮัก | (v) be dissatisfied, See also: be discontented, be disgruntled, be malcontent, be ungratified, be exasperated, Syn. ขัดใจ, Thai Definition: ไม่พอใจ | | ฮึกฮัก | (adj) dissatisfied, See also: discontented, disgruntled, malcontent, ungratified, exasperated, Example: แดงทำท่าฮึกฮัก เมื่อแม่ไม่อนุญาตให้ไปทัศนาจรต่างจังหวัด, Thai Definition: อาการไม่พอใจ, อาการขัดใจ | | เดือดดาล | (v) be furious, See also: be provoked, be annoyed, be exasperated, be enraged, be wrathful, boil with anger, burn wi, Syn. โกรธมาก, พลุ่งพล่าน, ดาลเดือด, เดือดแค้น, พิโรธ, โทสะ, โกรธเคือง, เดือด, ฉุนเฉียว, โกรธเกรี้ยว, เกรี้ยวกราด, Example: เขารู้สึกเดือดดาลที่ได้ยินคำพูดของแม่ยาย | | ประเด็น | (n) point, See also: issue, keystone, gist, aspect, Syn. เรื่อง, ข้อความสำคัญ, ใจความสำคัญ, หลักสำคัญ, หลักใหญ่, หัวข้อ, Example: อาจารย์สรุปประเด็นสำคัญๆ ในบทเรียนเพื่อทบทวนให้นักเรียนก่อนสอบ, Count Unit: ข้อ, Thai Definition: ข้อความสำคัญของเรื่องที่แยกหยิบยกขึ้นพิจารณา | | กระดาษข่อย | (n) paper made from the fibres of streblus asper, Count Unit: แผ่น, Thai Definition: กระดาษที่ทำจากเปลือกข่อย |
| | บางประการ | [bāng prakān] (n, exp) EN: some aspects ; some measures | | โฉมหน้า | [chōmnā] (n) EN: face ; appearance ; figure ; features ; countenance ; visage ; shape ; nature ; character ; personality ; kind FR: aspect [ m ] ; physionomie [ m ] | | ฉุน | [chun] (v) EN: be angry with ; get angry ; fly into a rage FR: être fâché contre ; se mettre en colère ; être fou de rage ; être irrité ; être exaspéré | | ด้าน | [dān] (n) EN: side ; quarter ; sector ; aspect ; phase ; way ; field ; area ; department FR: côté [ m ] ; face [ f ] ; facette [ f ] ; angle [ m ] ; quartier [ m ] ; secteur [ m ] ; domaine [ m ] ; aspect [ m ] ; sens [ m ] | | เดือดดาล | [deūatdān] (v) EN: be furious ; be provoked ; be annoyed ; be exasperated ; be enraged ; be wrathful ; boil with anger ; burn with anger/rage/wrath FR: être furieux ; enrager ; être exaspéré ; être furibond ; fulminer ; bouillir de colère | | จุด | [jut] (n) EN: point ; main idea ; opinion ; fact; aspect FR: aspect [ m ] | | กาลกิณี | [kālakinī] (n) EN: dark hour ; evil times ; bad luck ; ill fortune ; evil aspect ; misfortune ; misery ; ill-lucks ; adversity ; mischance ; unfortunate FR: heures sombres [ fpl ] | | ความโกรธ | [khwām krōt] (n) EN: anger ; wrath ; rage ; indignation ; fury FR: colère [ f ] ; courroux [ m ] ; furie [ f ] ; rage [ f ] ; énervement [ m ] ; irritation [ f ] ; exaspération [ f ] ; agacement [ m ] | | กระเด็น | [kraden] (v) EN: splash ; splatter ; sputter FR: gicler ; crachoter ; éclabousser ; asperger | | โกรธ | [krōt] (v) EN: be angry ; be annoyed ; flare up ; flare out ; rage ; be offended FR: être en colère ; être fâché ; être furieux ; être exaspéré ; enrager ; s'emporter ; s'indigner ; être dépité ; exploser ; éclater | | กวนโทสะ | [kūan thōsa] (v, exp) EN: irritate ; infuriate FR: exaspérer ; exacerber ; horripiler | | มุมมอง | [mum møng] (n, exp) EN: view point ; angle; aspect ; point of view FR: point de vue [ m ] ; angle [ m ] | | แง่ | [ngaē] (n) EN: corner ; angle ; edge ; jag ; ledge ; protuberance FR: coin [ m ] ; angle [ m ] ; saillie [ f ] ; rebord [ m ] ; aspérité [ f ] | | แง่ | [ngaē] (n) EN: point of view ; angle ; aspect ; viewpoint ; standpoint FR: point de vue [ m ] ; angle [ m ] ; aspect [ m ] ; côté [ m ] | | แง่คิด | [ngaē khit] (n, exp) EN: point of view FR: point de vue [ m ] ; aspect [ m ] | | แง่มุม | [ngaēmum] (n) EN: part ; aspect ; angle ; viewpoint ; point of view ; slant FR: aspect [ m ] | | หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง | [nømāi farang] (n, exp) EN: asparagus FR: asperge [ f ] | | ภาย | [phāi] (n) EN: aspect ; side ; part FR: côté [ m ] | | พรม | [phrom] (v) EN: sprinkle ; dash FR: asperger | | ภูมิทัศน์ | [phūmithat] (n) EN: landscape ; landscaping ; visual aspect | | เปลือกนอก | [pleūak nøk] (n, exp) EN: appearance ; look ; feature ; aspect | | ประเด็น | [praden] (n) EN: point ; issue ; question ; keystone ; subject ; gist ; aspect ; problem ; bone ; agenda FR: point [ m ] ; aspect [ m ] ; question [ f ] ; sujet [ m ] | | ประการ | [prakān] (n) EN: [ classifier : numerative noun for items, counts, points, kinds, sorts, ways, respects ] FR: [ classificateur : éléments, points, aspects, espèces, sortes, lieux...) | | รด | [rot] (n) EN: pour ; water FR: arroser ; asperger | | รดน้ำ | [rotnām] (n) EN: water-pouring cerenomy FR: cérémonie d'aspersion [ f ] | | รดน้ำมนตร์ | [rot nām mon] (v, exp) EN: sprinkle with holy water ; asperge | | รูปโฉม | [rūp chōm] (n) EN: look ; appearance ; aspect FR: look [ m ] ; apparence [ f ] ; aspect [ m ] | | รูปพรรณ | [rūppaphan] (n) EN: description ; appearance ; signalment ; stature FR: apparence [ f ] ; aspect [ m ] ; description [ f ] ; signalement [ m ] | | รูปร่าง | [rūprāng] (n) EN: appearance ; external looks ; expression ; figure ; format ; physique FR: aspect [ m ] ; forme [ f ] | | สาด | [sāt] (v) EN: throw water ; splash water ; spill ; sprinkle FR: éclabousser ; asperger | | สถาน | [sathān] (n) EN: way ; aspect ; status | | สาดน้ำ | [sāt nām] (v, exp) EN: throw water FR: jeter de l'eau ; asperger | | ท่าทาง | [thāthāng] (n) EN: appearance ; manner ; bearing ; look ; mien ; gesture ; expression ; airs ; style ; demeanor FR: allure [ f ] ; aspect [ m ] ; apparence [ f ] ; tenue [ f ] ; look [ m ] ; attitude [ f ] ; manière [ f ] ; air [ m ] ; genre [ m ] ; comportement [ m ] ; geste [ m ] ; port [ m ] ; pose [ f ] ; posture [ f ] | | ท่วงที | [thūangthī] (n) EN: manners ; deportment ; bearing ; attitude FR: air [ m ] ; aspect [ m ] | | ยั่วโทสะ | [yūa thōsa] (v, exp) EN: irritate ; rile ; anger ; make s.o. mad ; provoke FR: exaspérer ; horripiler ; exciter la colère |
| | | | 方面 | [fāng miàn, ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 方 面] respect; aspect; field; side #201 [Add to Longdo] | | 头 | [tóu, ㄊㄡˊ, 头 / 頭] head; hair style; the top; end; beginning or end; a stub; remnant; chief; boss; side; aspect; first; leading; classifier for pigs or livestock #354 [Add to Longdo] | | 面 | [miàn, ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 面] fade; side; surface; aspect; top; face; classifier for flat surfaces such as drums, mirrors, flags etc #410 [Add to Longdo] | | 样子 | [yàng zi, ㄧㄤˋ ㄗ˙, 样 子 / 樣 子] manner; air; looks; aspect #1,668 [Add to Longdo] | | 一方面 | [yī fāng miàn, ㄧ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 一 方 面] one aspect is #2,325 [Add to Longdo] | | 局面 | [jú miàn, ㄐㄩˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 局 面] aspect; phase; situation #2,614 [Add to Longdo] | | 另一方面 | [lìng yī fāng miàn, ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄧ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 另 一 方 面] on the other hand; another aspect #2,637 [Add to Longdo] | | 面向 | [miàn xiàng, ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ, 面 向 / 面 嚮] to face; to turn towards; to incline to; geared towards; catering for; -oriented; facial feature; appearance; aspect; facet #3,728 [Add to Longdo] | | 惹 | [rě, ㄖㄜˇ, 惹] to provoke; to exasperate; to annoy #4,993 [Add to Longdo] | | 多方面 | [duō fāng miàn, ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 多 方 面] many-sided; in many aspects #7,521 [Add to Longdo] | | 区分 | [qū fēn, ㄑㄩ ㄈㄣ, 区 分 / 區 分] to differentiate; to find differing aspects #7,588 [Add to Longdo] | | 方方面面 | [fāng fāng miàn miàn, ㄈㄤ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 方 方 面 面] all sides; all aspects; multi-faceted #10,150 [Add to Longdo] | | 琼 | [qióng, ㄑㄩㄥˊ, 琼 / 瓊] jasper; fine jade; beautiful; exquisite (e.g. wine, food); abbr. for Hainan island province 海南 #10,961 [Add to Longdo] | | 只顾 | [zhǐ gù, ㄓˇ ㄍㄨˋ, 只 顾 / 只 顧] solely preoccupied (with one thing); engrossed; focusing (on sth); to look after only one aspect #14,344 [Add to Longdo] | | 长处 | [cháng chù, ㄔㄤˊ ㄔㄨˋ, 长 处 / 長 處] good aspects; strong points #15,136 [Add to Longdo] | | 要领 | [yào lǐng, ㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˇ, 要 领 / 要 領] main aspects; essentials; gist #25,038 [Add to Longdo] | | 气急败坏 | [qì jí bài huài, ㄑㄧˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄅㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄞˋ, 气 急 败 坏 / 氣 急 敗 壞] flustered and exasperated; utterly discomfited #31,398 [Add to Longdo] | | 碧玉 | [bì yù, ㄅㄧˋ ㄩˋ, 碧 玉] jasper #39,686 [Add to Longdo] | | 慢吞吞 | [màn tūn tūn, ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄣ ㄊㄨㄣ, 慢 吞 吞] very slow; exasperatingly slow #40,188 [Add to Longdo] | | 旁敲侧击 | [páng qiāo cè jī, ㄆㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄠ ㄘㄜˋ ㄐㄧ, 旁 敲 侧 击 / 旁 敲 側 擊] glancing knock, sideways stroke (成语 saw); fig. circuitous attack in words or writing; to attack by innuendo; to satirize; to cast oblique aspersions #58,791 [Add to Longdo] | | 麴 | [qū, ㄑㄩ, 麴] yeast; Aspergillus (includes many common molds); surname Qu; now sometimes written 曲 #70,513 [Add to Longdo] | | 面面观 | [miàn miàn guān, ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ, 面 面 观 / 面 面 觀] view from every aspect #90,308 [Add to Longdo] | | 打躬作揖 | [dǎ gōng zuò yī, ㄉㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄧ, 打 躬 作 揖] to bow respectfully with clasped hands; to beg humbly #158,223 [Add to Longdo] | | 马伯乐 | [Mǎ bó lè, ㄇㄚˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄜˋ, 马 伯 乐 / 馬 伯 樂] Maspero (name) #168,594 [Add to Longdo] | | 打拱作揖 | [dǎ gǒng zuò yī, ㄉㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄧ, 打 拱 作 揖] to bow respectfully with clasped hands; to beg humbly #288,245 [Add to Longdo] | | 弝 | [bà, ㄅㄚˋ, 弝] the part of a bow grasped when shooting #635,272 [Add to Longdo] | | 使怒 | [shǐ nù, ㄕˇ ㄋㄨˋ, 使 怒] exasperate [Add to Longdo] | | 动态助词 | [dòng tài zhù cí, ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄓㄨˋ ㄘˊ, 动 态 助 词 / 動 態 助 詞] aspect particle, such as 着|著 zhe5, 了 le5, 過|过 [Add to Longdo] | | 在很多方面 | [zài hěn duō fāng miàn, ㄗㄞˋ ㄏㄣˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, 在 很 多 方 面] in many aspects; in many regards [Add to Longdo] | | 多方位 | [duō fāng wèi, ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄤ ㄨㄟˋ, 多 方 位] many-sided; versatile; various aspects; all-round; multi-directional [Add to Longdo] | | 打拱 | [dǎ gǒng, ㄉㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˇ, 打 拱] to bow with clasped hands [Add to Longdo] | | 曲霉毒素 | [qǔ méi dú sù, ㄑㄩˇ ㄇㄟˊ ㄉㄨˊ ㄙㄨˋ, 曲 霉 毒 素] aspergillus [Add to Longdo] | | 米麴菌 | [mǐ qū jūn, ㄇㄧˇ ㄑㄩ ㄐㄩㄣ, 米 麴 菌] Aspergillus oryzae (type of mold) [Add to Longdo] | | 背着手 | [bèi zhe shǒu, ㄅㄟˋ ㄓㄜ˙ ㄕㄡˇ, 背 着 手 / 背 著 手] with one's hands clasped behind one's back [Add to Longdo] | | 道之所存，师之所存 | [dào zhī suǒ cún, shī zhī suǒ cún, ㄉㄠˋ ㄓ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ, ㄕ ㄓ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ, 道 之 所 存 ， 师 之 所 存 / 道 之 所 存 ， 師 之 所 存] If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).; We should learn from one who knows the way. [Add to Longdo] | | 道所存者，乃师所存者 | [dào suǒ cún zhě, nǎi shī suǒ cún zhě, ㄉㄠˋ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ, ㄋㄞˇ ㄕ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ, 道 所 存 者 ， 乃 师 所 存 者 / 道 所 存 者 ， 乃 師 所 存 者] If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).; We should learn from one who knows the way. [Add to Longdo] |
| | | たら(P);ったら(P) | [tara (P); ttara (P)] (conj, prt) (1) indicates supposition; if ... then; when; after; (prt) (2) (usu. ったら) (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation; (P) #149 [Add to Longdo] | | 面 | [めん, men] (n) (1) face; (2) mask; face guard; (3) { MA } (in kendo) striking the head; (4) surface (esp. a geometrical surface); (5) page; (n, suf) (6) aspect; facet; side; (7) chamfer; (ctr) (8) counter for broad, flat objects, levels or stages, e.g. in a video game; (P) #530 [Add to Longdo] | | 全く | [まったく, mattaku] (adv) (1) really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly; perfectly; (2) indeed; (int) (3) (abbr) (See 全くもう) good grief (expression of exasperation); (P) #1,462 [Add to Longdo] | | もう | [mou] (adv, int) (1) (See すでに) already; anymore; (2) soon; shortly; (3) more; further; other; again; (int, adv) (4) interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation); (P) #1,524 [Add to Longdo] | | 相 | [そう, sou] (n) (1) appearance; look; countenance; (2) (See 女難の相) a 'seeming' that fortune-tellers relate to one's fortune; (3) { ling } aspect; (4) { physics } phase (e.g. solid, liquid and gaseous) #2,134 [Add to Longdo] | | 様子(P);容子 | [ようす, yousu] (n) (1) state; state of affairs; situation; circumstances; (2) appearance; look; aspect; (3) sign; indication; (P) #2,390 [Add to Longdo] | | 完了 | [かんりょう, kanryou] (n, vs, adj-no) (1) (See 完了形, 完了相) completion; conclusion; (n) (2) { ling } perfect (tense, form, aspect); (P) #2,873 [Add to Longdo] | | 分かる(P);解る(P);判る(P);分る | [わかる, wakaru] (v5r, vi) (1) to be understood; to be comprehended; to be grasped; (2) to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out; (P) #5,132 [Add to Longdo] | | 向き | [むき, muki] (adj-na, n, n-suf) direction; orientation; aspect; situation; exposure; suitability; tendency; (P) #6,948 [Add to Longdo] | | 激怒 | [げきど, gekido] (n, vs) rage; indignation; exasperation; (P) #10,276 [Add to Longdo] | | 様相 | [ようそう, yousou] (n) aspect; (P) #16,459 [Add to Longdo] | | 趣(P);趣き(io)(P) | [おもむき, omomuki] (n) (1) meaning; tenor; gist; (2) effect; influence; (3) appearance; aspect; (4) taste; (5) grace; charm; refinement; (P) #17,283 [Add to Longdo] | | アスペクト | [asupekuto] (n) aspect #17,585 [Add to Longdo] | | 局面 | [きょくめん, kyokumen] (n, adj-no) (1) position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; (2) aspect of an affair; situation; (P) #18,014 [Add to Longdo] | | がっぷり | [gappuri] (adv) firmly (grasped); latched onto; locked onto [Add to Longdo] | | ったく | [ttaku] (int) (col) (abbr) (See 全くもう) good grief (expression of exasperation) [Add to Longdo] | | アスペクトレシオ;アスペクトレーショ | [asupekutoreshio ; asupekutore-sho] (n) { comp } aspect ratio [Add to Longdo] | | アスペクト指向 | [アスペクトしこう, asupekuto shikou] (n) aspect-oriented design [Add to Longdo] | | アスペクト比 | [アスペクトひ, asupekuto hi] (n) { comp } aspect ratio [Add to Longdo] | | アスペルガー症候群 | [アスペルガーしょうこうぐん, asuperuga-shoukougun] (n) Asperger's syndrome [Add to Longdo] | | アスペルギルス症 | [アスペルギルスしょう, asuperugirusu shou] (n) aspergillosis [Add to Longdo] | | アスペン | [asupen] (n) aspen [Add to Longdo] | | グラフィック基本要素の表示要相 | [グラフィックきほんようそのひょうじようそう, gurafikku kihonyousonohyoujiyousou] (n) { comp } aspects of primitives [Add to Longdo] | | サービスアスペクト | [sa-bisuasupekuto] (n) { comp } service aspect [Add to Longdo] | | ジャスパーウエア | [jasupa-uea] (n) jasperware [Add to Longdo] | | ピクセルアスペクト比 | [ピクセルアスペクトひ, pikuseruasupekuto hi] (n) pixel aspect ratio [Add to Longdo] | | ファセット | [fasetto] (n) (1) facet (jewel); (2) facet (aspect) [Add to Longdo] | | マイナス面 | [マイナスめん, mainasu men] (n) negative aspect; downside; disadvantage [Add to Longdo] | | ヤナギ科;柳科 | [ヤナギか(ヤナギ科);やなぎか(柳科), yanagi ka ( yanagi ka ); yanagika ( yanagi ka )] (n) (See 柳・やなぎ・1) Salicaceae (plant family containing willows, poplars, aspens, etc.) [Add to Longdo] | | ラスパイレス指数 | [ラスパイレスしすう, rasupairesu shisuu] (n) Laspeyres index [Add to Longdo] | | 一面 | [いちめん, ichimen] (n) (1) one face; one surface; (2) the whole surface; (3) one aspect; one side; (n, n-adv) (4) (on) the other hand; (5) one broad, flat object; (6) front page; (P) [Add to Longdo] | | 黄碧玉 | [こうへきぎょく, kouhekigyoku] (n) yellow jasper; beryl [Add to Longdo] | | 家の向き | [いえのむき, ienomuki] (n) aspect of a house [Add to Longdo] | | 苛立てる | [いらだてる, iradateru] (v1, vt) to irritate; to exasperate [Add to Longdo] | | 完結相 | [かんけつそう, kanketsusou] (n) { ling } perfective aspect [Add to Longdo] | | 完了相 | [かんりょうそう, kanryousou] (n) { ling } perfect aspect [Add to Longdo] | | 基本要素の表示様相 | [きほんようそのひょうじようそう, kihonyousonohyoujiyousou] (n) { comp } aspects of primitives [Add to Longdo] | | 機能面 | [きのうめん, kinoumen] (n) functional aspect [Add to Longdo] | | 業を煮やす;業をにやす | [ごうをにやす, gouwoniyasu] (exp, v5s) (See 煮やす) to lose one's temper; to be exasperated; to become irritated [Add to Longdo] | | 軍事面 | [ぐんじめん, gunjimen] (n) military aspect [Add to Longdo] | | 経営面 | [けいえいめん, keieimen] (n) management aspects (of business) [Add to Longdo] | | 経済面 | [けいざいめん, keizaimen] (n) (1) financial page (of newspaper); (2) financial aspects; economic front [Add to Longdo] | | 激昂;激高 | [げっこう;げきこう, gekkou ; gekikou] (n, vs) excited; exasperated; indignant; rage; enraged [Add to Longdo] | | 見分ける(P);見わける | [みわける, miwakeru] (v1, vt) (1) to distinguish; to recognize; to recognise; to tell apart; to differentiate (both figuratively and visually); (2) to identify (whether an object is positive or negative in some aspect); to know the difference between something of superior and inferior quality (on sight or figuratively); (P) [Add to Longdo] | | 合掌捻り | [がっしょうひねり, gasshouhineri] (n) clasped-hand twist down (sumo) [Add to Longdo] | | 財政の面 | [ざいせいのめん, zaiseinomen] (n) the financial aspect [Add to Longdo] | | 財政面 | [ざいせいめん, zaiseimen] (n) financial aspects [Add to Longdo] | | 山鳴;山鳴らし | [やまならし;ヤマナラシ, yamanarashi ; yamanarashi] (n) (uk) Japanese aspen (Populus tremula var. sieboldii) [Add to Longdo] | | 事相 | [じそう, jisou] (n) aspect; phase; phenomenon [Add to Longdo] | | 車葉草 | [くるまばそう;クルマバソウ, kurumabasou ; kurumabasou] (n) (uk) sweet woodruff (Asperula odorata) [Add to Longdo] |
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