n. [ OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium. ] A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Written also arbour. ] [ L., a tree, a beam. ] 1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from a shrub. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. [ Cf. F. arbre. ] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. 1. 1 abounding in trees. an arboraceous landscape
Syn. -- arboreous, woodsy, woody. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [ U.S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree. ] Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L., fr. arbor tree. ] One who plants or who prunes trees. [ Obs. ] Evelyn. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖ [ L., the tree of Diana, or silver. ] (Chem.) A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. [ 1913 Webster ]

Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. “An arboreal walk.” Pollok. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree. ] 1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub. Loudon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree. ] Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. “Arborescent hollyhocks.” Evelyn. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. 1. resembling a tree in form and branching structure.
Syn. -- arboreal, arboreous, arborescent, arboriform, dendriform, dendroid, dendroidal, treelike, tree-shaped. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor ] A small tree or shrub. [ Obs. ] Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers
Imbordered on each bank. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n.; pl. Arboreta [ L., a place grown with trees. ] A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Relating to trees. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. arbor + colere to inhabit. ] (Zool.) Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture. ] The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who cultivates trees. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Treelike in shape. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree. ] One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. Howell. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree. ] The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Having a treelike appearance. “An arborized or moss agate.” Wright. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Formed by trees. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

From under shady, arborous roof. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

A species of bindweed. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖ [ L., tree of life. ] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American species is the Thuja occidentalis. It is commonly used as an ornamental shrub around homes. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. (Naut.) Over to the starboard side; -- said of the tiller. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. ] A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Pref. bi- + carbonate. ] (Chem.) A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called supercarbonate. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Carbon + hydrate. ] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Carbon + hydrogen. ] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. carbo coal + oleum oil. ] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol{ 1 }). See Phenol. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. carbo coal + oleum oil. ] (Chem.) same as phenol{ 1 }, (C6H5.OH). See phenol{ 1 }.
Syn. -- phenol{ 1 }, hydroxybenzene, phenyl hydroxide, phenic acid. [ PJC ]

v. t. (Med.) To apply carbolic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a colorless basic macrolide antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-positive organisms. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf. Skr. çrā to cook. ] (Chem.) 1. An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Elec.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also, a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

3. a sheet of carbon paper. [ PJC ]

4. a carbon copy. [ PJC ]

Carbon compounds,
Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. [ 1913 Webster ] The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen --
carbon copy, originally, a copy of a document made by use of a carbon paper, but now used generally to refer to any copy of a document made by a mechanical process, such as xerographic copying. --
Carbon dioxide,
Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. --
Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. --
Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall constantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. --
Carbon paper, a thin type of paper coated with a dark-colored waxy substance which can be transferred to another sheet of paper underneath it by pressing on the carbon paper. It is used by placing a sheet between two sheets of ordinary writing paper, and then writing or typing on the top sheet, by which process a copy of the writing or typing is transferred to the second sheet below, making a copy without the need for writing or typing a second time. Multiple sheets may be used, with a carbon paper placed above each plain paper to which an impression is to be transferred. In 1997 such paper was still used, particularly to make multiple copies of filled-in purchase invoice forms, but in most applications this technique has been superseded by the more faithful xerographic reproduction and computerized printing processes. --
Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. --
Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a radioactive isotope of carbon with a half-life of 5730 years. It occurs naturally in minute quantities, and is used as the basis for radiocarbon dating.
Syn. -- radiocarbon, carbon 14. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing. ] 1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } n. [ Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal. ] (Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Carbonadoes [ Pg., carbonated. ] (Min.) A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n.; pl. Carbonari [ It., a coal man. ] A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From Carbonate. ] (Sugar Making) The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas. Knight. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. carbonate. ] (Chem.) A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ See Carbonado. ] To broil. [ Obs. ] “We had a calf's head carboned”. Pepys. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon. ] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. [ 1913 Webster ]

Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid HO.CO.OH, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. In common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hence called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephitic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. --
Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A carbide. [ R. ]

a. [ Carbon + -ferous. ] Producing or containing carbon or coal. [ 1913 Webster ]

Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegetation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. --
Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or Carboniferous period. See the Diagram under Geology. [ 1913 Webster ]