| 商鞅 | [Shāng Yāng, ㄕㄤ ㄧㄤ, 商 鞅] Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and important statesman of Qin state 秦國|秦国 whose militaristic reforms in 356 and 350 BC played a key role in establishing Qin power, See also: 秦國, 秦国 #57,233 [Add to Longdo] |
| 洋务运动 | [Yáng wù Yùn dòng, ㄧㄤˊ ㄨˋ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ, 洋 务 运 动 / 洋 務 運 動] Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 自強運動|自强运动, See also: 自強運動, 自强运动 [Add to Longdo] |
| 自强运动 | [Zì qiáng Yùn dòng, ㄗˋ ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ, 自 强 运 动 / 自 強 運 動] Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 洋務運動|洋务运动, See also: 洋務運動, 洋务运动 [Add to Longdo] |
| 寛政の改革 | [かんせいのかいかく, kanseinokaikaku] (n) Kansei Reforms (series of conservative government measures, 1787-1793 CE) [Add to Longdo] |
| 旧仮名 | [きゅうがな, kyuugana] (n) former (i.e. before the post-WWII reforms) kana usage in writing the readings of kanji [Add to Longdo] |
| 旧仮名使い;旧仮名遣い;旧仮名遣 | [きゅうかなづかい, kyuukanadukai] (n) (See 新仮名遣い) former (i.e. before the post-WWII reforms) kana usage in writing the readings of kanji [Add to Longdo] |
| 享保の改革 | [きょうほうのかいかく, kyouhounokaikaku] (n) Kyouhou Reforms; economic reforms introduced in 1736 [Add to Longdo] |
| 公地公民 | [こうちこうみん, kouchikoumin] (n) (See 私地私民) complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms) (Ritsuryo period) [Add to Longdo] |
| 裁判員 | [さいばんいん, saiban'in] (n) lay judge (2005 reforms); citizen judge; juror [Add to Longdo] |
| 大御所時代 | [おおごしょじだい, oogoshojidai] (n) Ogosho period (between the Kansei Reforms and the Tempo Reforms, approx. 1787-1843) [Add to Longdo] |
| 天保の改革 | [てんぽうのかいかく, tenpounokaikaku] (n) Tempo Reforms (series of goverment measures, 1841-1843 CE) [Add to Longdo] |
| 歴史的仮名遣い | [れきしてきかなづかい, rekishitekikanadukai] (n) (See 現代仮名遣い) historical kana usage (as used prior to Japanese government reforms made in 1946) [Add to Longdo] |