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| 等 | - (とう) (n,n-suf,ctr) (1) class; order; rank; (suf) (2) (See 等・など) et cetera (etc.); and the like; (pref) (3) equal [EDICT]
- (ら) (suf) (1) pluralizing suffix (often humble, derogatory or familiar); and others; et alios; and the like; and followers; (2) (See あちら,いくら) or so (rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.); (3) (See 清ら) (after the stem of an adjective) nominalizing suffix [EDICT]
- (など) (n,n-suf,prt) (1) (uk) et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth; (2) (indicating an approximate quote or vague suggestion) or something; (3) (lessening the significance or value of the previous word) the likes of; (P) [EDICT]
- (děng, ㄉㄥˇ) class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on; et al. (and other authors); after; as soon as; once [CE-DICT]
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| は | - (葉) ใบไม้ [LongdoJP]
- () (int) (1) (pol) yes; (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance); okay; (3) giddy-up; giddap; (P) [EDICT]
- () (v5r,aux-v,suf) (hon) (ksb [EDICT]
- () (suf) (ksb [EDICT]
- (歯) (n) tooth; (P) [EDICT]
- (刃) (n) edge (of a knife or sword); (P) [EDICT]
- (派) (n,n-suf) clique; faction; school; (P) [EDICT]
- (破) (n) (See 序破急) (in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song [EDICT]
- (葉) (n) leaf; (P) [EDICT]
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| この | - (此の) (adj-pn) (uk) (See 何の・どの,此れ・1,其の・1,彼の) this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker); (P) [EDICT]
- (斯の) (adj-pn) (uk) (See 何の・どの,此れ・1,其の・1,彼の) this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker); (P) [EDICT]
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| 複製 | - (ふくせい) (n,vs,adj-no) reproduction; duplication; reprinting; (P) [EDICT]
- (fù zhì, ㄈㄨˋ ㄓˋ) to duplicate; to reproduce; to make a copy of; to copy [CE-DICT]
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| する | - () (conj) thereupon; hereupon; (P) [EDICT]
- () (adv,adv-to) (on-mim) with a smooth, unhindered motion; speedily and without delay [EDICT]
- (為る) (vs-i) (1) (uk) to do; (2) to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into); (3) to serve as; to act as; to work as; (4) to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.); (5) (as 〜にする,〜とする) to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as; (6) to decide on; to choose; (vs-i,vi) (7) (as 〜がする) to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.); (8) to be (in a state, condition, etc.); (9) to be worth; to cost; (10) to pass (of time); to elapse; (suf,vs-i) (11) verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs"); (aux-v,vs-i) (12) (See お願いします,御・お) creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go"); (13) (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする) (See とする・1) to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to; (P) [EDICT]
- (刷る) (v5r,vt) (1) to print; (2) to color or pattern fabric using a wooden mold; (P) [EDICT]
- (摺る) (v5r,vt) (1) to print; (2) to color or pattern fabric using a wooden mold; (P) [EDICT]
- (擦る) (v5r,vt) (1) to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to file; to frost (glass); (2) to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.); (P) [EDICT]
- (摩る) (v5r,vt) (1) to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to file; to frost (glass); (2) to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.); (P) [EDICT]
- (磨る) (v5r,vt) (1) to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to file; to frost (glass); (2) to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.); (P) [EDICT]
- (擂る) (v5r,vt) (1) to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to file; to frost (glass); (2) to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.); (P) [EDICT]
- (掏る) (v5r,vt) (See 掏摸) to pick someone's pocket [EDICT]
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| た | - () (aux-adj) (1) (after the -masu stem of a verb) want to ... do something; would like to ...; (prt) (2) (kyu [EDICT]
- () (exp) (abbr of ...ていたの) (See 乃・の・5,わ) (usu. sentence end) indicates emotion, admiration, emphasis, etc. [EDICT]
- () (aux-v) (after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc.) (See たり,たるや) (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of [EDICT]
- () (suf) (m-sl) (fam) (fem) (See ちゃん) (cute) suffix for familiar person [EDICT]
- (他) (n-adv,n,adj-no) other (esp. people and abstract matters); (P) [EDICT]
- (多) (n,pref) multi-; (P) [EDICT]
- (田) (n) rice field; (P) [EDICT]
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| 人間 | - (にんげん) มนุษย์ [LongdoJP]
- (じんかん) (n) (arch) the world [EDICT]
- (にんげん) (n) (1) human being; man; person; (2) character (of a person); (P) [EDICT]
- (rén jiān, ㄖㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢ) man's world; the world [CE-DICT]
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| を | - () (prt) (arch) (See を) marks object of action, etc. (also adds emphasis) [EDICT]
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| に | - (二) สอง [LongdoJP]
- () (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- () (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to [EDICT]
- (荷) (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P) [EDICT]
- (似) (suf) takes after (his mother) [EDICT]
- (丹) (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P) [EDICT]
- (土) (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil) [EDICT]
- (尼) (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun) [EDICT]
- (弐) (num) two (used in legal documents) [EDICT]
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| 侵入 | - (しんにゅう) (n,vs,adj-no) penetration; invasion; raid; aggression; trespass; (P) [EDICT]
- (qīn rù, ㄑㄧㄣ ㄖㄨˋ) to make (military) incursions; to invade [CE-DICT]
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| せる | - () (aux-v,v, ) (1) (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す) auxiliary verb indicating the causative; (2) (hum) (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.) auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something; (3) auxiliary verb used to make verbs more "active"; (4) (hon) (as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc.) auxiliary verb used as an extreme honorific for others' actions [EDICT]
- (競る) (v5r,vt) (1) to compete; (2) to bid; (3) to sell at auction; (P) [EDICT]
- (糶る) (v5r,vt) (1) to compete; (2) to bid; (3) to sell at auction; (P) [EDICT]
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| て | - () (conj) (col) (See と言うか) or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean [EDICT]
- () (prt) a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (also でも, っても) even if; even though; (int) (2) (abbr) (See さても) wow [EDICT]
- (手) (n) (1) (occ. pronounced た when a prefix) (See お手・おて・1) hand; arm; (2) (col) (See お手・おて・3) forepaw; foreleg; (3) handle; (4) hand; worker; help; (5) trouble; care; effort; (6) means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; (7) hand; handwriting; (8) kind; type; sort; (9) (See 手に入る) one's hands; one's possession; (10) (See 手に余る) ability to cope; (11) hand (of cards); (12) (See 山の手・1) direction; (P) [EDICT]
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| 奇襲 | - (きしゅう) (n,vs,adj-no) surprise attack; (P) [EDICT]
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| 攻撃 | - (こうげき) (n,vs) attack; strike; offensive; criticism; censure; (P) [EDICT]
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| の | - () (prt) endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) although; when; and yet; despite this; in spite of; even though; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless; for all that; notwithstanding that; (2) while; (3) if only; I wish; (4) I tell you; you should do; (5) in order to; (P) [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) (literary equiv. of だけ) only; nothing but; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (See スラグ) slag [EDICT]
- (乃) (prt) (1) (uk) (occasionally ん) indicates possessive; (2) verb and adjective nominalizer (nominaliser); (3) substituting for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (4) (often ん) indicates a confident conclusion; (5) emotional emphasis (sentence end) (fem); (6) indicates question (sentence end); (P) [EDICT]
- (之) (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.) [EDICT]
- (幅) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (布) (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm) [EDICT]
- (箆) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
- (篦) (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica) [EDICT]
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| 足固め | - (あしがため) (n) judo leg hold [EDICT]
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| いる | - (居る) (v1,vi) (1) (uk) (See 在る・1) to be (of animate objects); to exist; (2) to stay; (v1,aux-v) (3) (the い is sometimes dropped) (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing); (P) [EDICT]
- (射る) (v1,vt) to shoot; (P) [EDICT]
- (煎る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (炒る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (熬る) (v5r,vt) to parch; to fry; to fire; to broil; to roast; to boil down (in oil) [EDICT]
- (鋳る) (v1,vt) to cast; to mint; to coin; (P) [EDICT]
- (入る) (v5r,vi) (See 気に入る) to get in; to go in; to come in; to flow into; to set; to set in; (P) [EDICT]
- (要る) (v5r,vi) to need; (P) [EDICT]
- (沒る) (v5r) (poet) (See 入る・いる) to set beyond the Western horizon (i.e. the sun) [EDICT]
- (没る) (v5r) (poet) (See 入る・いる) to set beyond the Western horizon (i.e. the sun) [EDICT]
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| ん | - () (prt) that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ....; given that...; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; it is that ...; (P) [EDICT]
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| だ | - () (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) if it's the case; (P) [EDICT]
- () (prt) even [EDICT]
- () (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P) [EDICT]
- () (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P) [EDICT]
- () (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend [EDICT]
- () (n) undercut (of a machined edge) [EDICT]
- (駄) (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse [EDICT]
- (兌) (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching [EDICT]
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| laying | - /L EY1 IH0 NG/ [CMU]
- (v) /l'ɛɪɪŋ/ [OALD]
[lay] - ก่อตั้ง: สร้าง, จัดตั้ง, วางราก [Lex2]
- กำหนด (หน้าที่, โทษ,...): มอบหมาย [Lex2]
- คลี่: ลาด, ปู [Lex2]
- คู่นอน: คู่ร่วมสังวาส [Lex2]
- จัดโต๊ะ: จัดเตรียมโต๊ะอาหาร [Lex2]
- จัดวางให้เหมาะสม: วางให้เป็นระเบียบ [Lex2]
- ท้าพนัน: วางเดิมพัน [Lex2]
- ทำให้เรียบ[Lex2]
- ทำให้อยู่ในสภาพใดสภาพหนึ่ง[Lex2]
- นำเสนอ: นำไปแจ้ง [Lex2]
- ฝัง (ศพ)[Lex2]
- วางไข่: ออกไข่ [Lex2]
- วางลง: วาง, พาด [Lex2]
- เสพสังวาส (คำสแลง): มีเพศสัมพันธ์ [Lex2]
- อ้างเหตุผล: ให้เหตุผล [Lex2]
- กริยาช่องที่ 2 ของคำกริยา lie[Lex2]
- เกี่ยวกับฆราวาส: ไม่ใช่พระ [Lex2]
- ไม่เชี่ยวชาญพิเศษ: ไม่มีความรู้พิเศษ [Lex2]
- เรื่องเล่าหรือบทกลอนสั้นๆ: บทกวีสั้นๆ [Lex2]
- (เล) {laid,laid,laying,lays} vt. วาง,ปู,พาด,ลาด,ปู,ปล่อย,ทา,ตีแผ่น,เผยแพร่,นำเสนอ,ฝัง,ลงราก,กำหนด,ตั้ง,วางแผน,วางโครง,ออกไข่,ทิ้งระเบิด,กำหนดโทษ,วางเดิมพัน,พนัน,กะ,วัด,กด,ระงับ,บรรเทา,มุ่งหมาย,เล็งปืน vi. วางไข่,ออกไข่,พนัน,วางเดิมพัน,ขันต่อ,วางโครงการ,นอ [Hope]
- (adj) เป็นฆราวาส [Nontri]
- (n) บทเพลง,กลอนสั้น,เรื่องเล่าสั้นๆ [Nontri]
- (vi) pt ของ lie [Nontri]
- (vt) วางลง,ออกไข่,จัด,กำหนด,วางเงินพนัน,ปู,ตีแผ่,เผยแพร่ [Nontri]
- /L EY1/ [CMU]
- (v) /l'ɛɪ/ [OALD]
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| the | - คำนำหน้านามชี้เฉพาะ[Lex2]
- พระเจ้า[Lex2]
- n. วันอาทิตย์ [Hope]
- (adv) ถึงเพียงนั้น,ในกรณีนั้น,ที่เข้าใจกันแล้ว [Nontri]
- /DH AH0/ [CMU]
- /DH AH1/ [CMU]
- /DH IY0/ [CMU]
- (a) /ðə/ [OALD]
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| groundwork | - พื้นฐาน: รากฐาน, ฐาน [Lex2]
- (เกราดฺ'เวิร์ค) n. รากฐาน,พื้นฐาน,การเตรียมตัว ###S. basis [Hope]
- (n) รากฐาน,พื้นฐาน [Nontri]
- /G R AW1 N D W ER2 K/ [CMU]
- (n) /gr'aundwɜːʳk/ [OALD]
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| for | - สำหรับ: ในส่วน [Lex2]
- เพื่อ: แก่, ให้แก่, ให้กับ [Lex2]
- แทน[Lex2]
- สนับสนุน: เห็นด้วย [Lex2]
- เป็นระยะ: เป็นเวลา, เป็นจำนวนเงิน [Lex2]
- ในฐานะของ[Lex2]
- ไปยัง[Lex2]
- ด้วยเหตุที่[Lex2]
- เพราะว่า: เนื่องจาก [Lex2]
- แลกกับ[Lex2]
- (ฟอร์) prep. สำหรับ,เพื่อ,conj. เนื่องจาก,เพราะว่า [Hope]
- (con) เพราะว่า,เพราะเหตุว่า,เนื่องจาก,เนื่องจากว่า [Nontri]
- (pre) สำหรับ,เพื่อ,แทนที่,เนื่องจาก,เพื่อเป็นเกียรติแก่ [Nontri]
- /F AO1 R/ [CMU]
- /F ER0/ [CMU]
- /F R ER0/ [CMU]
- (in) /fɔːr/ [OALD]
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| 基礎 | - (きそ) พื้นฐาน [LongdoJP]
- (きそ) (n,adj-no) foundation; basis; (P) [EDICT]
- (jī chǔ, ㄐㄧ ㄔㄨˇ) base; foundation; basis [CE-DICT]
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| 固める | - (かためる) (v1,vt) (1) (See 土を固める・つちをかためる) to harden; to freeze; to strengthen; to solidify; to make (a fist); to tramp down (snow, dirt); (2) to put together; to collect; to gather; to consolidate; (3) (See 身を固める・みをかためる) to make secure; to stabilize; to settle down; to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.); to establish (evidence); (4) (See 国境を固める・こっきょうをかためる,嘘で固める・うそでかためる) to fortify; to reinforce; to support; (5) (in the form に身をかためる) to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.); (6) to swear; to resolutely vow; to sincerely promise; (7) to tie tightly; to fasten; (8) to hold a bow fully drawn; (P) [EDICT]
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| こと | - () (adv-to) (on-mim) clunk; thump [EDICT]
- (古都) (n) ancient city; former capital; (P) [EDICT]
- (糊塗) (n,vs) covering up; glossing over [EDICT]
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| ・ | - (なかぽち) (n) (See 中黒,中点) middle dot (typographical symbol used between parallel terms, names in katakana, etc.); full-stop mark at mid-character height; interpoint (interword separation) [EDICT]
- (なかぽつ(・;中ぽつ);なかポツ(・;中ポツ)) (n) (See 中黒,中点) middle dot (typographical symbol used between parallel terms, names in katakana, etc.); full-stop mark at mid-character height; interpoint (interword separation) [EDICT]
- (なかぐろ) (n) middle dot (typographical symbol used between parallel terms, names in katakana, etc.); full-stop mark at mid-character height; interpoint (interword separation) [EDICT]
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