Result from Foreign Dictionaries (6 entries found)

From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]: Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr. of 'ie`nai to go.] 1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others, notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that case are said to be solvated. According to the electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^{-10} electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are called {cations}; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms or groups) are called {anions}. Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid ({HCl}) dissociates, in aqueous solution, into the hydrogen ion, {H+}, and the chlorine ion, {Cl-}; ferric nitrate, {Fe(NO3)3}, yields the ferric ion, {Fe+++}, and nitrate ions, {NO3-}, {NO3-}, {NO3-}. When a solution containing ions is made part of an electric circuit, the cations move toward the cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is called migration, and the velocity of it differs for different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali; similarly, at the anode the element of the anion separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis, and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf. {Anion}, {Cation}. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 2. One of the small electrified particles into which the molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays, and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through rarefied gases and many other important effects are ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in various ways. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]: Symbol \Sym"bol\ (s[i^]m"b[o^]l), n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from symba`llein to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with + ba`llein to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. {Emblem}, {Parable}.] 1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. [1913 Webster] A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. --Coleridge. [1913 Webster] 2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. [1913 Webster] Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes. [1913 Webster] 3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. [1913 Webster] 4. [Gr. ? contributions.] That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 5. Share; allotment. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, {C} for carbon, {Na} for sodium (Natrium), {Fe} for iron (Ferrum), {Sn} for tin (Stannum), {Sb} for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under {Element}. [1913 Webster] Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}. [1913 Webster] Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See {Emblem}. [1913 Webster] From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: Fe n 1: a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood [syn: {iron}, {Fe}, {atomic number 26}] From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (June 2013) [vera]: FE Focus Error (DVD) From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (June 2013) [vera]: FE Forschung und Entwicklung, "F&E" From V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (June 2013) [vera]: FE Functional Entity (IN)